{"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1359671","title":"Seven-day dietary nitrate supplementation clinically significantly improves basal macrovascular function in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial","abstract":"Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, with increased risk following menopause. Dietary intake of beetroot juice and other plant-based nitrate-rich foods is a promising non-pharmacological strategy for increasing systemic nitric oxide and improving endothelial function in elderly populations. The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was to determine the effects of short-term dietary nitrate (NO 3 − ) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, on resting macrovascular endothelial function and endothelial resistance to whole-arm ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in postmenopausal women at two distinct stages of menopause. Methods Early-postmenopausal [1–6 years following their final menstrual period (FMP), n = 12] and late-postmenopausal (6+ years FMP, n = 12) women consumed nitrate-rich (400 mg NO 3 − /70 mL) and nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (approximately 40 mg NO 3 − /70 mL, placebo) daily for 7 days. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured pre-supplementation (Day 0), and approximately 24 h after the last beetroot juice (BR) dose (Day 8, post-7-day BR). Consequently, FMD was measured immediately post-IR injury and 15 min later (recovery). Results Results of the linear mixed-effects model revealed a significantly greater increase in resting FMD with 7 days of BR nitrate compared to BR placebo (mean difference of 2.21, 95% CI [0.082, 4.34], p = 0.042); however, neither treatment blunted the decline in post-IR injury FMD in either postmenopausal group. Our results suggest that 7-day BR nitrate -mediated endothelial protection is lost within the 24-h period following the final dose of BR nitrate . Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that nitrate-mediated postmenopausal endothelial protection is dependent on the timing of supplementation in relation to IR injury and chronobiological variations in dietary nitrate metabolism. Clinical trial registration https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03644472","journal":"Frontiers in Nutrition","year":2024,"id":434113,"datarank":0.5088326943655839,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.112974094923295,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.112974094923295,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":7,"citers_with_endowment":7,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9522,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT03644472"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":735129,"name":"Jigar Gosalia","orcid":"0000-0002-1378-230X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240268,"name":"Liezhou Zhong","orcid":"0000-0002-6847-4240","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1240269,"name":"Catherine P. Bondonno","orcid":"0000-0001-8509-439X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233816,"name":"Kristina Petersen","orcid":"0000-0003-3914-0353","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":659899,"name":"Mary Jane De Souza","orcid":"0000-0001-5185-9710","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":401869,"name":"Elmira Alipour","orcid":"0000-0003-3507-4010","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":347800,"name":"Daniel B. Kim‐Shapiro","orcid":"0000-0003-4383-3101","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":898797,"name":"Yasina B. Somani","orcid":"0000-0001-9905-3038","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":535030,"name":"David N. Proctor","orcid":"0000-0002-4691-4575","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":898798,"name":"Jocelyn M. Delgado Spicuzza","orcid":"0000-0002-3183-0707","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:53.957667Z","pmid":"38915856","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}