{"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2022.918240","title":"Carotenoid Biosynthesis: Genome-Wide Profiling, Pathway Identification in Rhodotorula glutinis X-20, and High-Level Production","abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Rhodotorula glutinis</jats:italic>, as a member of the family <jats:italic>Sporidiobolaceae</jats:italic>, is of great value in the field of biotechnology. However, the evolutionary relationship of <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20 with <jats:italic>Rhodosporidiobolus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sporobolomyces</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhodotorula</jats:italic> are not well understood, and its metabolic pathways such as carotenoid biosynthesis are not well resolved. Here, genome sequencing and comparative genome techniques were employed to improve the understanding of <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20. Phytoene desaturase (crtI) and 15-cis-phytoene synthase/lycopene beta-cyclase (crtYB), key enzymes in carotenoid pathway from <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20 were more efficiently expressed in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> INVSc1 than in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> CEN.PK2-1C. High yielding engineered strains were obtained by using synthetic biology technology constructing carotenoid pathway in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> and optimizing the precursor supply after fed-batch fermentation with palmitic acid supplementation. Genome sequencing analysis and metabolite identification has enhanced the understanding of evolutionary relationships and metabolic pathways in <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20, while heterologous construction of carotenoid pathway has facilitated its industrial application.</jats:p>","journal":"Frontiers in Nutrition","year":2022,"id":639064,"datarank":0.38474240361923057,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1660161,"name":"Xiaoxia Ni","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1660162,"name":"Jintang Guo","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1539639,"name":"Zhengyang Liu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":152855,"name":"Xiaoya Wang","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1665,"name":"Yue Sheng","orcid":"0000-0002-9424-123X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1660163,"name":"Genlin Zhang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":32163,"name":"Jinfeng Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-9535-9790","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1660160,"name":"Shaobo Bo","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Carotenoid Biosynthesis: Genome-Wide Profiling, Pathway Identification in Rhodotorula glutinis X-20, and High-Level Production","abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Rhodotorula glutinis</jats:italic>, as a member of the family <jats:italic>Sporidiobolaceae</jats:italic>, is of great value in the field of biotechnology. However, the evolutionary relationship of <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20 with <jats:italic>Rhodosporidiobolus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sporobolomyces</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Rhodotorula</jats:italic> are not well understood, and its metabolic pathways such as carotenoid biosynthesis are not well resolved. Here, genome sequencing and comparative genome techniques were employed to improve the understanding of <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20. Phytoene desaturase (crtI) and 15-cis-phytoene synthase/lycopene beta-cyclase (crtYB), key enzymes in carotenoid pathway from <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20 were more efficiently expressed in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> INVSc1 than in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> CEN.PK2-1C. High yielding engineered strains were obtained by using synthetic biology technology constructing carotenoid pathway in <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae</jats:italic> and optimizing the precursor supply after fed-batch fermentation with palmitic acid supplementation. Genome sequencing analysis and metabolite identification has enhanced the understanding of evolutionary relationships and metabolic pathways in <jats:italic>R. glutinis</jats:italic> X-20, while heterologous construction of carotenoid pathway has facilitated its industrial application.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35782944","pmcid":"PMC9247606","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4283033879","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"22178226","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.4377,"citation_percentile":0.4841644,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.918240/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.918240/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.918240/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.918240","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35782944","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fa5fe51de484df5b824da24d2881d37","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9247606","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9247606","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9247606?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Algal biology and biofuel production","Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Rhodotorula","Phytoene synthase","Biology","Phytoene desaturase","Carotenoid","Phytoene","Genome","Metabolic pathway","Genetics","Heterologous","Biochemistry","Biosynthesis","Yeast","Gene","Lycopene","Genomic analysis","heterologous expression","Carotenoid Pathway","Comparative Genomes","R. Glutinis"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"},{"name":"go"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T22:24:02.214277Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}