{"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2022.878665","title":"Dietary Magnesium Intake Level Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Adults","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Previous clinical studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with the risk of developing insulin resistance. Magnesium has been reported to be a protective factor for insulin resistance, and magnesium has been considered an important co-factor for vitamin D activation. However, the effect of dietary magnesium intake on the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of developing insulin resistance has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional analysis to assess whether dietary magnesium intake modifies the association of vitamin D and insulin resistance.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4,878 participants (male: 48.2%) from 4 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) were included in this study after a rigorous screening process. Participants were stratified by their dietary magnesium intake into low-intake (&amp;lt;267 mg/day) and high-intake (≥267 mg/day) groups. We assessed differences between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of developing insulin resistance (interaction test), using a weighted multivariate logistic regression to analyze differences between participants with low and high magnesium intake levels.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>There was a negative association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in the US adult population [OR: 0.93 (0.88–0.98)], <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001. Dietary magnesium intake strengthened the association (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> for interaction &amp;lt; 0.001). In the low dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with the insulin resistance [OR: 0.94 (0.90–0.98)]; in the high dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with insulin resistance [OR: 0.92 (0.88–0.96)].</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Among adults in the United States, we found an independent association between vitamin D level and insulin resistance, and this association was modified according to different levels of magnesium intake.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Frontiers in Nutrition","year":2022,"id":617448,"datarank":0.3983637608935445,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.10647723853524749,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.10647723853524749,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":6,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1381077,"name":"Rongpeng Gong","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1592370,"name":"Haixiu Ma","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1592371,"name":"Siai Chen","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":636746,"name":"Jingwei Sun","orcid":"0000-0001-8358-9487","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1592372,"name":"Jiarui Qi","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1592373,"name":"Yidan Pang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":843183,"name":"Juan An","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1592375,"name":"Zhanhai Su","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":744398,"name":"Ya Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-6489-4328","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Dietary Magnesium Intake Level Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: A Large Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Adults","abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Previous clinical studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed that low serum vitamin D levels are associated with the risk of developing insulin resistance. Magnesium has been reported to be a protective factor for insulin resistance, and magnesium has been considered an important co-factor for vitamin D activation. However, the effect of dietary magnesium intake on the relationship between vitamin D and the risk of developing insulin resistance has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional analysis to assess whether dietary magnesium intake modifies the association of vitamin D and insulin resistance.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4,878 participants (male: 48.2%) from 4 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014) were included in this study after a rigorous screening process. Participants were stratified by their dietary magnesium intake into low-intake (&amp;lt;267 mg/day) and high-intake (≥267 mg/day) groups. We assessed differences between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of developing insulin resistance (interaction test), using a weighted multivariate logistic regression to analyze differences between participants with low and high magnesium intake levels.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>There was a negative association between vitamin D and insulin resistance in the US adult population [OR: 0.93 (0.88–0.98)], <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001. Dietary magnesium intake strengthened the association (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> for interaction &amp;lt; 0.001). In the low dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with the insulin resistance [OR: 0.94 (0.90–0.98)]; in the high dietary magnesium intake group, vitamin D was negatively associated with insulin resistance [OR: 0.92 (0.88–0.96)].</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Among adults in the United States, we found an independent association between vitamin D level and insulin resistance, and this association was modified according to different levels of magnesium intake.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35747262","pmcid":"PMC9211020","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4281788190","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.6416,"citation_percentile":0.62745098,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.878665/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.878665/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.878665/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.878665","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35747262","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ecf30ad46f746a88d7aa7eba5236e86","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9211020","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9211020","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9211020?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Magnesium in Health and Disease","Vitamin D Research Studies","Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Insulin resistance","Medicine","Vitamin D and neurology","Internal medicine","Insulin","National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","Vitamin","Cross-sectional study","Endocrinology","Magnesium","Population","Environmental health","Chemistry","Vitamin D","Cross-sectional studies","Dietary Magnesium Intake","American Adults"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-03T01:44:23.724640Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}