{"doi":"10.3389/fnins.2022.923065","title":"Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation","abstract":"Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are associated with changes in cognition and DNA methylation; however, the neurobiological correlates of these effects have not been fully elucidated, especially in long-term cessation. Cognitive performance, percent methylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor ( AHRR ) gene, and abstinence duration were used as references to supervise a multimodal fusion analysis of functional, structural, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in order to identify associated brain networks in smokers and ex-smokers. Correlations among these networks and with smoking-related measures were performed. Cognition-, methylation-, and abstinence duration-associated networks discriminated between smokers and ex-smokers and correlated with differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values, gray matter volume (GMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Long-term smoking cessation was associated with more accurate cognitive performance, as well as lower fALFF and more GMV in the hippocampus complex. The methylation- and abstinence duration-associated networks positively correlated with smoking-related measures of abstinence duration and percent methylation, respectively, suggesting they are complementary measures. This analysis revealed structural and functional co-alterations linked to smoking abstinence and cognitive performance in brain regions including the insula, frontal gyri, and lingual gyri. Furthermore, AHRR methylation, a promising epigenetic biomarker of smoking recency, may provide an important complement to self-reported abstinence duration.","journal":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2022,"id":288211,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9522,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":227749,"name":"Zening Fu","orcid":"0000-0002-1591-4900","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":968618,"name":"Lei Wu","orcid":"0000-0001-5010-7517","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227761,"name":"Vince D. Calhoun","orcid":"0000-0001-9058-0747","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":425640,"name":"Daoqiang Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-5658-7643","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":594923,"name":"Stacey B. Daughters","orcid":"0000-0001-5075-030X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":542296,"name":"Ping-Ching Hsu","orcid":"0000-0002-1749-0662","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233024,"name":"Rongtao Jiang","orcid":"0000-0003-4657-0079","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305057,"name":"Victor M. Vergara","orcid":"0000-0001-9404-0924","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227750,"name":"Jing Sui （Beijing Normal University）， my correct affiliation is beijing normal university, not Qingdao University of Science and Technology, please correct the current affiliation. Thank you","orcid":"0000-0001-6837-5966","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":925660,"name":"Merideth A. Addicott","orcid":"0000-0003-1814-7994","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":542993,"name":"Shile Qi","orcid":"0000-0003-3486-2277","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":60,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:11.069895Z","pmid":"35968362","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}