{"doi":"10.3389/fnins.2020.00314","title":"Motor Cortex Reorganization in Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review of TMS Motor Mapping Studies","abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this mini review is to evaluate motor cortex reorganization in amputees as indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) cortical mapping and its relationship with phantom limb pain (PLP). Methods: Pubmed database were searched. Three independent researchers screened the relevant articles, and the data of motor output maps, including the number of effective stimulation sites, center of gravity (CoG) shift and their clinical correlations were extracted. We calculated a pooled CoG shift for motor cortex TMS mapping. Results: The search yielded 468 articles, 11 were included. 3 studies performed correlation between the cortical changes and PLP intensity, and only one study compared cortical mapping changes between amputees with pain and without pain. Results showed (i) enlarged excitable area and a shift of CoG of neighboring areas towards the deafferented limb area; (ii) no correlation between motor cortex reorganization and level of pain and (iii) greater larger cortical reorganization in patients with PLP compared to amputation without pain. Conclusion: Our review supports the evidence for cortical reorganization in the affected hemisphere following an amputation. The motor cortex reorganization could be a potential clinical target for prevention and treatment response of PLP.","journal":"Frontiers in Neuroscience","year":2020,"id":58999,"datarank":1.7907710556094636,"base_score":4.248495242049359,"endowment":4.248495242049359,"self_citation_contribution":0.637274286307404,"citation_network_contribution":1.1534967693020597,"self_endowment_contribution":0.637274286307404,"citer_contribution":1.1534967693020597,"corpus_percentile":88.22619323895722,"corpus_rank":1523,"citation_count":69,"citer_count":56,"citers_with_citation_signal":39,"citers_with_endowment":39,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6109,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":310354,"name":"Camila Bonin Pinto","orcid":"0000-0003-2820-8703","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310355,"name":"Faddi G. Saleh Velez","orcid":"0000-0002-2626-6259","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310356,"name":"Dante Duarte","orcid":"0000-0001-7516-5473","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123033,"name":"Kevin Pacheco‐Barrios","orcid":"0000-0002-7166-2816","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312722,"name":"Fernanda Lopes","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310357,"name":"Felipe Fregni","orcid":"0000-0001-9359-8643","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310353,"name":"Muhammed Enes Gunduz","orcid":"0000-0001-7194-6387","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:07:59.189921Z","pmid":"32372907","pmcid":"PMC7187753","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":6.25,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No persistent identifier scheme string is given for the dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No repository is named; the data are held by the authors.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The statement points to the authors, not a repository record (Colavizza category 1).","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No itemised inventory of the dataset is provided; only generic descriptions of extracted data.","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":6.25,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The route is a discretionary request to a person, not a defined followable process.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not label the access level for the data using any standard vocabulary. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The only gatekeeper named is the authors, a natural person, not an institutional committee. 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A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No persistent identifier scheme string is given for the dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. 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'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No licence is attached to the data; the CC BY license applies to the article only.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier or link for the dataset appears anywhere in the paper. 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This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.","why":"The statement points to the authors, not a repository record (Colavizza category 1).","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. 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[majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In neuroimaging, describe the data with BIDS, NIfTI or DICOM.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The results of search strategy summarized in Figure 1 as PRISMA statement flow diagram (Moher et al., 2009).","why":"PRISMA is a manuscript reporting guideline (EQUATOR), not a data standard. 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It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object is named as accompanying the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.","why":"The only gatekeeper named is the authors, a natural person, not an institutional committee. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No identifier for an external resource is provided; only citation references are given.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No temporal commitment or availability timing is stated for the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For neuroimaging data, deposit in OpenNeuro or NeuroVault.","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:12:23.063870Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}