{"doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2023.1297325","title":"Use of non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: neurodevelopmental and sensory follow-up","abstract":"Objective To assess the impact of non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oral feeding on long-term neurodevelopmental and sensory outcomes. Method We tested 21 of 35 children who as infants were gastrostomy tube (G-tube) candidates and participated in the novel, open-label trial of taVNS paired with oral feeding. To evaluate possible effects on development at 18-months after infant taVNS, we performed the Bayley-III ( n = 10) and Sensory Profile (SP-2, n = 12) assessments before the COVID pandemic, and Cognitive Adaptive Test (CAT), Clinical Linguistics and Auditory Milestone (CLAMS), Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 gross motor tests as possible during and after the pandemic. We compared outcomes for infants who attained full oral feeds during taVNS (‘responders’) or received G-tubes (‘non-responders’). Results At a mean of 19-months, taVNS ‘responders’ showed significantly better general sensory processing on the SP-2 than ‘non-responders’. There were no differences in other test scores, which were similar to published outcomes for infants who required G-tubes. Conclusion This is the first report of neurodevelopmental follow-up in infants who received taVNS-paired feeding. They had similar developmental outcomes as historical control infants failing oral feeds who received G-tubes. Our data suggests that infants who attained full oral feeds had better sensory processing.","journal":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","year":2023,"id":356770,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9634,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1106316,"name":"Patricia Coker-Bolt","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1106317,"name":"Lakshmi Katikaneni","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":507163,"name":"Viswanathan Ramakrishnan","orcid":"0000-0002-4098-0539","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1106318,"name":"Alyssa Brennan","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106043,"name":"Mark S. George","orcid":"0000-0003-1767-1815","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266103,"name":"Bashar W. Badran","orcid":"0000-0001-9376-6440","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":329079,"name":"Dorothea Jenkins","orcid":"0000-0002-4196-483X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":797321,"name":"T. Aljuhani","orcid":"0000-0002-4798-8103","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:30.556819Z","pmid":"38021221","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}