{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1533050","title":"Pulmonary lymphoid tissue induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques","abstract":"Introduction: Lung diseases are widespread worldwide. Pulmonary immunity plays a vital role against lung pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the pathogenesis, including the development of local immune responses to infection, is fundamental for developing interventions to control the viral infection. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of immune cells in the lungs of rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and euthanized 11-14 days later. Results: ) of the lymphoid tissue aggregations were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 infected animals than that of normal controls. This induced pulmonary lymphoid tissues comprised B cells, T cells, CD169 macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells with evidence of lymphocyte priming and differentiation. Discussion: The results suggest local immunity plays an important role in the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further study of pulmonary immunity could lead to new interventions to develop vaccine strategies and discover new immune-regulatory biomarkers in monitoring and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and other lung diseases.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2025,"id":539010,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9629,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":557442,"name":"Katherine J. Olstad","orcid":"0000-0003-3894-0981","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399793,"name":"Koen K. A. Van Rompay","orcid":"0000-0002-7375-1337","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297247,"name":"Smita S. Iyer","orcid":"0000-0002-8918-7005","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1425807,"name":"Christopher Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-0182-5982","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":515986,"name":"J. Rachel Reader","orcid":"0000-0003-3864-6731","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557443,"name":"Zhong-Min Ma","orcid":"0000-0003-3713-7337","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:25.799399Z","pmid":"40145084","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}