{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429335","title":"Nanoparticles loaded with IL-2 and TGF-β promote transplantation tolerance to alloantigen","abstract":"We have previously reported that nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with IL-2 and TGF-β and targeted to T cells induced polyclonal T regulatory cells (Tregs) that protected mice from graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Here, we evaluated whether administration of these NPs during alloantigen immunization could prevent allograft rejection by converting immunogenic responses to tolerogenic ones. Using C57BL/6 mice and BALB/c mice as either donors or recipients of allogeneic splenocytes, we found that treatment with the tolerogenic NPs in both strains of mice resulted in a marked inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) to donor cell alloantigen but not to third-party control mouse cells after transfer of the allogeneic cells. The decreased alloreactivity associated with a four- to fivefold increase in the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T regulatory cells (Tregs) and the acquisition of a tolerogenic phenotype by recipient dendritic cells (DCs) in NP-treated mice. As allogeneic cells persisted in NP-treated mice, these findings suggest that tolerogenic NPs can induce alloantigen-specific Tregs and tolerogenic DCs promoting tolerogenic responses to alloantigen. By inhibiting reactivity to allotransplant, this approach could help reduce the need for immune suppression for the maintenance of allografts.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2024,"id":438783,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9501,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1249416,"name":"Ju Hua Wang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413338,"name":"Dongin Kim","orcid":"0000-0003-2078-6138","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":949046,"name":"Chang Moo Kang","orcid":"0000-0002-5382-4658","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1249417,"name":"Katja Brion","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105778,"name":"Sean Bickerton","orcid":"0000-0002-3514-0308","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":418341,"name":"Antonio La Cava","orcid":"0000-0002-8839-0933","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":419226,"name":"David A. Horwitz","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:43.618468Z","pmid":"39131162","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}