{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412378","title":"Scalable process development of NK and CAR-NK expansion in a closed bioreactor","abstract":"Production of large amounts of functional NK and CAR-NK cells represents one of the bottlenecks for NK-based immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a large-scale, reliable, and practicable NK and CAR-NK production using G-Rex 100M bioreactors, which depend on a gas-permeable membrane technology. This system holds large volumes of medium with enhanced oxygen delivery, creating conditions conducive to large-scale PBNK and CAR-NK expansions for cancer therapy. Both peripheral blood NK cells (PBNKs) and CAR-NKs expanded in these bioreactors retained similar immunophenotypes and exhibited comparable cytotoxicity towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells akin to that of NK and CAR-NK cells expanded in G-Rex 6 well bioreactors. Importantly, cryopreservation minimally affected the cytotoxicity of NK cells expanded using the G-Rex 100M bioreactors, establishing a robust platform for scaled-up NK and CAR-NK cell production. This method is promising for the development of \"off-the-shelf\" NK cells, supporting the future clinical implementation of NK cell immunotherapy.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2024,"id":432383,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9557,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1237408,"name":"Maeve Elizabeth Byrne","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1236961,"name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-3914-754X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285493,"name":"Minh Tuyet","orcid":"0000-0001-5804-9155","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":244938,"name":"Dongfang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-7295-8088","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1236960,"name":"Xuening Wang","orcid":"0009-0004-9646-1051","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:35.267142Z","pmid":"39114666","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}