{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392898","title":"Strategies for developing self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection","abstract":"<jats:p>In the recent history of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, vaccines have been a crucial public health tool, playing a significant role in effectively preventing infections. However, improving the efficacy while minimizing side effects remains a major challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in nanoparticle-based delivery systems aimed at improving antigen delivery efficiency and immunogenicity. Among these, self-assembled nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, and surface properties have garnered considerable attention. This paper reviews the latest advancements in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines utilizing self-assembled materials, highlighting their advantages in delivering viral immunogens. In addition, we briefly discuss strategies for designing a broad-spectrum universal vaccine, which provides insights and ideas for dealing with possible future infectious sarbecoviruses.</jats:p>","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2024,"id":631420,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1636319,"name":"Youqin Zeng","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1482619,"name":"Xinyu Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-9094-9951","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":722837,"name":"Jia Li","orcid":"0000-0003-4743-9582","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1636320,"name":"Jinlin Guo","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1145301,"name":"Kaiwen Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-2219-6257","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Strategies for developing self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection","abstract":"<jats:p>In the recent history of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, vaccines have been a crucial public health tool, playing a significant role in effectively preventing infections. However, improving the efficacy while minimizing side effects remains a major challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in nanoparticle-based delivery systems aimed at improving antigen delivery efficiency and immunogenicity. Among these, self-assembled nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, and surface properties have garnered considerable attention. This paper reviews the latest advancements in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines utilizing self-assembled materials, highlighting their advantages in delivering viral immunogens. In addition, we briefly discuss strategies for designing a broad-spectrum universal vaccine, which provides insights and ideas for dealing with possible future infectious sarbecoviruses.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"39351240","pmcid":"PMC11440195","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4402463606","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.7137,"citation_percentile":0.90983386,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392898/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392898/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392898/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392898","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39351240","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11440195","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/c855b69dd920430cbe610920e2e767da","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11440195/pdf/fimmu-15-1392898.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11440195","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11440195?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","Animals","Humans","COVID-19","COVID-19 Vaccines","Nanoparticles","Nanovaccines","Vaccine Development"],"mesh_terms":["COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2","COVID-19 Vaccines","Vaccine Development","Nanovaccines","Animals","Humans","Nanoparticles"],"keywords":["Immunogenicity","Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","Nanotechnology","Medicine","Broad spectrum","Computer science","Virology","Outbreak","Immunology","Infectious disease (medical specialty)","Antigen","Materials science","Chemistry","Disease","Ferritin","Vaccine","Vlp","Self-assembled Nanoparticle","Sars-cov-2"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T23:34:27.176432Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}