{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.992743","title":"Immune responses in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: A scoping review","abstract":"Background and aim: Patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection. Methods: We searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 2020 and 2021. We included observational studies evaluating the immune response in patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 compared to patients with COVID-19 alone. Results: Four cross-sectional studies (372 participants) were identified. In patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis (LTBI), increased cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and humoral responses were found. In addition, patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and LTBI had higher leukocytes counts and less inflammation. Regarding patients with COVID-19 and active tuberculosis (aTB), they exhibited decreased total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T cells specific against SARS-CoV-2 and responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 antigens compared to patients with only COVID-19. Conclusion: Although the evidence is limited, an apparent positive immunomodulation is observed in patients with COVID-19 and LTBI. On the other hand, patients with COVID-19 and aTB present a dysregulated immune response. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and expand knowledge.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2022,"id":247063,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9582,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":884428,"name":"Brando Ortiz-Saavedra","orcid":"0000-0001-5733-5176","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":885122,"name":"Luis A. Cueva-Chicaña","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884429,"name":"Shalom Aperrigue-Lira","orcid":"0000-0002-1051-692X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884430,"name":"Elizbet Susan Montes-Madariaga","orcid":"0000-0002-2528-2089","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884431,"name":"David R. Soriano‐Moreno","orcid":"0000-0002-3690-0014","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":578403,"name":"Brett I. Bell","orcid":"0000-0002-8439-1402","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":675706,"name":"Rodney Macedo","orcid":"0000-0001-6252-7703","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884427,"name":"Kevin Flores-Lovon","orcid":"0000-0001-6942-8118","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":34,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:53.369530Z","pmid":"36090983","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}