{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.954936","title":"Role of B cells as antigen presenting cells","abstract":"B cells have been long studied for their role and function in the humoral immune system. Apart from generating antibodies and an antibody-mediated memory response against pathogens, B cells are also capable of generating cell-mediated immunity. It has been demonstrated by several groups that B cells can activate antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, and can have regulatory and cytotoxic effects. The function of B cells as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) to activate T cells has been largely understudied. This, however, requires attention as several recent reports have demonstrated the importance of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, and B cells are increasingly being evaluated as cellular therapies. Antigen presentation through B cells can be through antigen-specific (B cell receptor (BCR) dependent) or antigen non-specific (BCR independent) mechanisms and can be modulated by a variety of intrinsic and external factors. This review will discuss the pathways and mechanisms by which B cells present antigens, and how B cells differ from other professional APCs.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2022,"id":231937,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":328,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9522,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":493141,"name":"Donghwan Jeon","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492244,"name":"Jena E. Moseman","orcid":"0000-0001-6849-3225","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492245,"name":"Anusha Muralidhar","orcid":"0000-0002-6710-1266","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368909,"name":"Hemanth K. Potluri","orcid":"0000-0002-3646-4961","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316490,"name":"Douglas G. McNeel","orcid":"0000-0003-1471-6723","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":492246,"name":"Ichwaku Rastogi","orcid":"0000-0003-1957-1164","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":237,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:20:51.245255Z","pmid":"36159874","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}