{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867","title":"B Cell Immunity in Lung Transplant Rejection - Effector Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications","abstract":"<jats:p>Allograft rejection remains the major hurdle in lung transplantation despite modern immunosuppressive treatment. As part of the alloreactive process, B cells are increasingly recognized as modulators of alloimmunity and initiators of a donor-specific humoral response. In chronically rejected lung allografts, B cells contribute to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and promote local alloimmune responses. However, B cells are functionally heterogeneous and some B cell subsets may promote alloimmune tolerance. In this review, we describe the current understanding of B-cell-dependent mechanisms in pulmonary allograft rejection and highlight promising future strategies that employ B cell-targeted therapies.</jats:p>","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2022,"id":678167,"datarank":0.47032413238937254,"base_score":3.1354942159291497,"endowment":3.1354942159291497,"self_citation_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.47032413238937254,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":817342,"name":"Wolfgang Jungraithmayr","orcid":"0000-0002-1442-4862","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1771912,"name":"Birte Ohm","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"B Cell Immunity in Lung Transplant Rejection - Effector Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications","abstract":"<jats:p>Allograft rejection remains the major hurdle in lung transplantation despite modern immunosuppressive treatment. As part of the alloreactive process, B cells are increasingly recognized as modulators of alloimmunity and initiators of a donor-specific humoral response. In chronically rejected lung allografts, B cells contribute to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and promote local alloimmune responses. However, B cells are functionally heterogeneous and some B cell subsets may promote alloimmune tolerance. In this review, we describe the current understanding of B-cell-dependent mechanisms in pulmonary allograft rejection and highlight promising future strategies that employ B cell-targeted therapies.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.1354942159291497,"endowment":3.1354942159291497,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"35320934","pmcid":"PMC8934882","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4220949274","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.776,"citation_percentile":0.94106134,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":5},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35320934","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/228967/1/fimmu_13_845867.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8934882","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f3eed57b5514ac9be2a6cd7001f51b6","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-228967","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8934882","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8934882?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes","Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments","Viral Infections and Immunology Research"],"mesh_terms":["B-Lymphocytes","Graft Rejection","Humans","Lung","Lung Diseases","Transplantation, Homologous","Lung Transplantation"],"keywords":["Alloimmunity","Immunology","Effector","Medicine","Transplantation","B cell","Graft rejection","Transplant rejection","Lung transplantation","Lung","Immunity","Immune system","Biology","Antibody","Donor-specific Antibodies","Allosensitization","Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (Clad)","Antibody Mediated Allograft Rejection"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"nct"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T05:01:30.746636Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}