{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.746447","title":"Mosaic Hemagglutinin-Based Whole Inactivated Virus Vaccines Induce Broad Protection Against Influenza B Virus Challenge in Mice","abstract":"Influenza viruses undergo antigenic changes in the immuno-dominant hemagglutinin (HA) head domain, necessitating annual re-formulation of and re-vaccination with seasonal influenza virus vaccines for continuing protection. We previously synthesized mosaic HA (mHA) proteins of influenza B viruses which redirect the immune response towards the immuno-subdominant conserved epitopes of the HA via sequential immunization. As ~90% of current influenza virus vaccines are manufactured using the inactivated virus platform, we generated and sequentially vaccinated mice with inactivated influenza B viruses displaying either the homologous (same B HA backbones) or the heterologous (different B HA backbones) mosaic HAs. Both approaches induced long-lasting and cross-protective antibody responses showing strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. We believe the B virus mHA vaccine candidates represent a major step towards a universal influenza B virus vaccine.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2021,"id":174772,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":23,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9499,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":104913,"name":"Shirin Strohmeier","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353671,"name":"Irene González‐Domínguez","orcid":"0000-0002-7920-5505","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105227,"name":"Jessica Tan","orcid":"0000-0001-8269-5560","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104936,"name":"Viviana Simon","orcid":"0000-0002-6416-5096","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":103779,"name":"Florian Krammer","orcid":"0000-0003-4121-776X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1489,"name":"Adolfo Garcı́a-Sastre","orcid":"0000-0002-6551-1827","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234854,"name":"Peter Palese","orcid":"0000-0002-0337-5823","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":272522,"name":"Weina Sun","orcid":"0000-0002-2435-5047","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714452,"name":"Yonghong Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4432-9433","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:06.584146Z","pmid":"34603333","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}