{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.714090","title":"Single-Cell Analysis of the Neonatal Immune System Across the Gestational Age Continuum","abstract":"Although most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells; increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α; and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8 + CD161 + T cells. Knowledge gained from the analysis of the neonatal immune landscape across GA provides a mechanistic framework to understand the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to both hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2021,"id":160356,"datarank":0.5416376868966337,"base_score":3.6109179126442243,"endowment":3.6109179126442243,"self_citation_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5416376868966337,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8327,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":271982,"name":"Julien Hédou","orcid":"0000-0003-4721-4797","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278121,"name":"Edward A. Ganio","orcid":"0000-0002-1088-0377","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278113,"name":"Ina A. Stelzer","orcid":"0000-0002-9974-4661","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":628496,"name":"Dorien Feyaerts","orcid":"0000-0002-0795-6625","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":673404,"name":"Eliza Harbert","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":673405,"name":"Yamini Adusumelli","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278126,"name":"Kazuo Ando","orcid":"0000-0003-1778-1344","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278124,"name":"Eileen S. Tsai","orcid":"0000-0001-6714-1439","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278122,"name":"Amy S. Tsai","orcid":"0000-0002-2380-6424","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278125,"name":"Xiaoyuan Han","orcid":"0000-0001-6394-3055","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672907,"name":"Megan Ringle","orcid":"0000-0002-3597-1793","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672908,"name":"Pearl Houghteling","orcid":"0000-0002-9032-8442","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":672909,"name":"Jonathan D. Reiss","orcid":"0000-0003-1460-8570","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":35678,"name":"David B. Lewis","orcid":"0000-0001-7181-0105","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":262414,"name":"Virginia D. Winn","orcid":"0000-0003-1136-2907","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":34078,"name":"Martin S. Angst","orcid":"0000-0002-1550-8136","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226949,"name":"Nima Aghaeepour","orcid":"0000-0002-6117-8764","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":17735,"name":"David K. Stevenson","orcid":"0000-0002-7127-0281","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":86469,"name":"Brice Gaudillière","orcid":"0000-0002-3475-5706","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":294166,"name":"Laura S. Peterson","orcid":"0000-0002-4830-5271","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":100,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:44:43.908634Z","pmid":"34497610","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}