{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2020.606338","title":"Specific Induction of Double Negative B Cells During Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses","abstract":") B cells are expanded in patients with autoimmune and infectious diseases; however their role in the humoral immune response remains unclear. Using systematic flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood B cell subsets, we observed an inflated DN B cell population in patients with variety of active inflammatory conditions: myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, meningitis/encephalitis, and rheumatic disorders. Furthermore, we were able to induce DN B cells in healthy subjects following vaccination against influenza and tick borne encephalitis virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed a gene expression profile in DN B cells that clustered with naïve B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts. Immunoglobulin VH transcriptome sequencing and analysis of recombinant antibodies revealed clonal expansion of DN B cells that were targeted against the vaccine antigen. Our study suggests that DN B cells are expanded in multiple inflammatory neurologic diseases and represent an inducible B cell population that responds to antigenic stimulation, possibly through an extra-follicular maturation pathway.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2020,"id":65465,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":58,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9488,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":74485,"name":"Gisela Gabernet","orcid":"0000-0001-7049-9474","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346808,"name":"Gildas Lepennetier","orcid":"0000-0002-1899-3149","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":24594,"name":"Simon Heumos","orcid":"0000-0003-3326-817X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349080,"name":"Miriam Kaminski","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349081,"name":"Zsuzsanna Hracskó","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":556,"name":"Martin Irmler","orcid":"0000-0003-3169-479X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":564,"name":"Johannes Beckers","orcid":"0000-0001-7874-3822","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106065,"name":"Ulf Ziemann","orcid":"0000-0001-8372-3615","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":74501,"name":"Sven Nahnsen","orcid":"0000-0002-4375-0691","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346809,"name":"Gregory P. Owens","orcid":"0000-0003-2510-2997","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226913,"name":"Jeffrey L. Bennett","orcid":"0000-0002-3346-1394","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":18652,"name":"Bernhard Hemmer","orcid":"0000-0001-5985-6784","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346810,"name":"Markus C. Kowarik","orcid":"0000-0003-1389-5539","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":346807,"name":"Christoph Ruschil","orcid":"0000-0001-9900-4295","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:13:43.728351Z","pmid":"33391273","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}