{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2020.01380","title":"Beneficial Effect of Antibiotics and Microbial Metabolites on Expanded Vδ2Vγ9 T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy","abstract":"Animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that the gut microbiota modulate host immunity and the immune checkpoint-mediated responses to tumor cells. However, it remains unclear whether microbiota can also play a role in tumor immune response of gamma delta T cell, a kind of cells target cancer directly. Here, we are reporting the microbiota dysbiosis induced by antibiotics enhanced gamma delta T cell efficacy during tumor therapy in a mouse model. Further microbiota and metabolite analysis revealed that the alteration of gamma delta T cell cytotoxicity might be closely associated with specific metabolites, which are produced by intestinal bacteria and stimulate gamma delta T cell to release more cytotoxic cytokines, such as granzyme B and perforin. Among the metabolites that we analyzed, 3-Indolepropionic acid (IPA) showed the highest concentration in antibiotic-treated mice and can improve the cytotoxic ability of gamma delta T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our research determined how the gut microbiota can influence the antitumor ability of gamma delta T cells and identified potential intermediate molecules that connect the gut microbiota and gamma delta T cells.","journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2020,"id":101583,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.944,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":498326,"name":"Siya Zhang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497249,"name":"Yi Xu","orcid":"0000-0003-1235-3068","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":498327,"name":"Yongsheng Pang","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16299,"name":"Xue Zhang","orcid":"0009-0004-0249-0581","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497250,"name":"Yu Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-9511-9383","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":374127,"name":"Hui Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-7990-9254","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497251,"name":"Wanjun Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-8398-4548","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497252,"name":"Jianmin Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-4765-0812","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497253,"name":"Wei He","orcid":"0000-0003-2377-7456","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497248,"name":"Jiajia Han","orcid":"0000-0003-2108-9481","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":40,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:40:22.678835Z","pmid":"32849498","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}