{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751","title":"Interferon-Independent Innate Responses to Cytomegalovirus","abstract":null,"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2019,"id":637065,"datarank":0.6190701577567639,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"self_citation_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":61,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":350159,"name":"Allison Abendroth","orcid":"0000-0002-9794-4803","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350155,"name":"Brian P. McSharry","orcid":"0000-0003-0473-2789","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350160,"name":"Barry Slobedman","orcid":"0000-0002-9431-6094","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":350157,"name":"Caroline L. Ashley","orcid":"0000-0001-8355-8891","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Interferon-Independent Innate Responses to Cytomegalovirus","abstract":"The critical role of interferons (IFNs) in mediating the innate immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is well established. However, in recent years the functional importance of the IFN-independent antiviral response has become clearer. IFN-independent, IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) regulation in the context of CMV infection was first documented 20 years ago. Since then several IFN-independent, IRF3-dependent ISGs have been characterized and found to be among the most influential in the innate response to CMV. These include virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated IFN-inducible (viperin), ISG15, members of the interferon inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) family, interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins and myxovirus resistance proteins A and B (MxA, MxB). IRF3-independent, IFN-independent activation of canonically IFN-dependent signaling pathways has also been documented, such as IFN-independent biphasic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) during infection of monocytes, differential roles of mitochondrial and peroxisomal mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), and the ability of human CMV (HCMV) immediate early protein 1 (IE1) protein to reroute IL-6 signaling and activation of STAT1 and its associated ISGs. This review examines the role of identified IFN-independent ISGs in the antiviral response to CMV and describes pathways of IFN-independent innate immune response induction by CMV.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"31921100","pmcid":"PMC6917592","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2996653358","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)","grant_id":"1063738","title":"Defining a novel mechanism of control of host functions by human cytomegalovirus that enhances viral pathogenesis"},{"funder_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":3.6671,"citation_percentile":0.93838639,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":7},{"year":2021,"count":9},{"year":2022,"count":9},{"year":2023,"count":13},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":9},{"year":2026,"count":7}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31921100","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/985a5f01-b683-41b9-9f09-a5ce8edf5263","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/9cdfaa50edfa47b5b0c9057973555bd4","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6917592","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/files/166382677/166382590_published_article.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6917592","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6917592?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research","interferon and immune responses","Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments","0301 basic medicine","03 medical and health sciences","0302 clinical medicine","Animals","Cytomegalovirus","Humans","Immunity, Innate","Interferon Regulatory Factor-3","Interferons"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cytomegalovirus","Humans","Immunity, Innate","Interferons","Interferon Regulatory Factor-3"],"keywords":["ISG15","IRF3","STAT1","Innate immune system","Interferon","Interferon regulatory factors","Biology","IRF7","STAT2","Virology","Signal transduction","IRF1","Immunology","STAT protein","Cell biology","Transcription factor","Immune system","Genetics","Gene","STAT3","Ubiquitin","Cytomegalovirus","innate immunity","Herpes","Isg","Ifn-independent","RC581-607","Immunity, Innate","Animals","Humans","Interferon Regulatory Factor-3","Interferons","Immunologic diseases. Allergy"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. Good health"},{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T18:14:29.312096Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}