{"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406","title":"The Opposite Effects of Kynurenic Acid and Different Kynurenic Acid Analogs on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Production and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Expression","abstract":null,"journal":"Frontiers in Immunology","year":2019,"id":628907,"datarank":0.5709993734655481,"base_score":3.8066624897703196,"endowment":3.8066624897703196,"self_citation_contribution":0.5709993734655481,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5709993734655481,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":44,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1628567,"name":"Valéria Endrész","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628568,"name":"Timea Mosolygó","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628569,"name":"Katalin Burián","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628570,"name":"Ildikó Lantos","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628571,"name":"Ferenc Fülöp","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550897,"name":"István Szatmári","orcid":"0000-0001-5260-1498","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628572,"name":"Bálint Lőrinczi","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628573,"name":"Attila Balog","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628574,"name":"László Vécsei","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1628566,"name":"Yvette Mándi","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The Opposite Effects of Kynurenic Acid and Different Kynurenic Acid Analogs on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Production and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Expression","abstract":"Purpose: The investigation of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions of Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is now in focus. There is also substantial evidence that TSG-6 has an anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the effects of newly synthetized KYNA analogues on the TNF-α production in U-937 monocytic cells in correlation with the effects on the TSG-6 expression. Methods: TNF-α production was measured by ELISA, the TSG-6 expression was determined by RTqPCR method. As cytokine inducers Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia pneumoniae were used. Results: KYNA and KYNA analogues attenuated TNF-α production and increased TSG-6 mRNA expression in U-937 cells stimulated by heat inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, KYNA and some of the KYNA analoques increased the TNF-α production of C. pneumoniae infected U-937 cells; however, the newly synthetized analogues (SZR104, SZR 105 and SZR 109) exerted significant inhibitory effects on the TNF-α synthesis. The inhibitory and stimulatory effects correlated inversely with the TSG-6 expression. Conclusions: TSG-6 expression following activation with bacterial components could participate in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, We suppose that the elevation of the TSG-6 expression by KYNA and especially by new KYNA analogues might be one of the mechanisms that are responsible for their suppressive effect on TNF-α production as a feedback mechanism. KYNA and KYNA analogues have an important role in influencing TSG-6 expression, and there is a possible benefit of targeting TSG-6 expression by kynurenines in inflammatory conditions following infections.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.8066624897703196,"endowment":3.8066624897703196,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"31316502","pmcid":"PMC6611419","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2950238402","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Ministry of Human Capacities","grant_id":"20391-3/2018/FEKUSTRAT","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":1.9213,"citation_percentile":0.86234626,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":6},{"year":2021,"count":13},{"year":2022,"count":9},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":7},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31316502","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2618248c4de45d0ace8da8d1a53650d","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6611419","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6611419","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6611419?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Tryptophan and brain disorders","Stress Responses and Cortisol","Gut microbiota and health"],"mesh_terms":["Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","Humans","Kynurenic Acid","Monocytes","Staphylococcus aureus","Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","Vaccines, Attenuated","Cell Adhesion Molecules","Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","Chlamydophila pneumoniae","Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction","U937 Cells"],"keywords":["Kynurenic acid","Tumor necrosis factor alpha","Cytokine","Gene expression","Chemistry","Biology","Pharmacology","Immunology","Biochemistry","Receptor","Gene","Glutamate receptor","Staphylococcus","Chlamydia Pneumoniae","TNF-α","Tsg-6","U-937"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T15:33:28.878728Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}