{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2020.603021","title":"Gestational Diabetes Is Uniquely Associated With Altered Early Seeding of the Infant Gut Microbiota","abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a worldwide public health problem affecting up to 27% of pregnancies with high predictive values for childhood obesity and inflammatory diseases. Compromised seeding of the infant gut microbiota is a risk factor for immunologic and metabolic diseases in the offspring; however, how GDM along with maternal obesity interact to alter colonization remains unknown. We hypothesized that GDM individually and in combination with maternal overweight/obesity would alter gut microbial composition, diversity, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in neonates. We investigated 46 full-term neonates born to normal-weight or overweight/obese mothers with and without GDM, accounting for confounders including cesarean delivery, lack of breastfeeding, and exposure to antibiotics. Gut microbiota in 2-week-old neonates born to mothers with GDM exhibited differences in abundance of 26 microbial taxa; 14 of which showed persistent differential abundance after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI. Key pioneering gut taxa, including potentially important taxa for establishing neonatal immunity, were reduced. Lactobacillus , Flavonifractor , Erysipelotrichaceae , and unspecified families in Gammaproteobacteria were significantly reduced in neonates from mothers with GDM. GDM was associated with an increase in microbes involved in suppressing early immune cell function ( Phascolarctobacterium ). No differences in infant stool SCFA levels by maternal phenotype were noted; however, significant correlations were found between microbial abundances and SCFA levels in neonates. Our results suggest that GDM alone and together with maternal overweight/obesity uniquely influences seeding of specific infant microbiota in patterns that set the stage for future risk of inflammatory and metabolic disease.","journal":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","year":2020,"id":57387,"datarank":2.1893180403539207,"base_score":4.394449154672439,"endowment":4.394449154672439,"self_citation_contribution":0.6591673732008659,"citation_network_contribution":1.530150667153055,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6591673732008659,"citer_contribution":1.530150667153055,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":80,"citer_count":72,"citers_with_citation_signal":62,"citers_with_endowment":62,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9582,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":300512,"name":"Charles M. Carpenter","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299386,"name":"Rachel C. Janssen","orcid":"0000-0001-7893-4848","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299387,"name":"Tiffany L. Weir","orcid":"0000-0001-5423-7140","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254439,"name":"Charles E. Robertson","orcid":"0000-0002-4136-4121","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256913,"name":"Diana Ir","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299388,"name":"Bridget E. Young","orcid":"0000-0002-3257-8179","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299389,"name":"Nancy F. Krebs","orcid":"0000-0001-5652-7547","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299390,"name":"Teri L. Hernandez","orcid":"0000-0002-7024-5017","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299391,"name":"Linda A. Barbour","orcid":"0000-0001-8656-3995","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254434,"name":"Daniel N. Frank","orcid":"0000-0001-6669-228X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299392,"name":"Miranda Kroehl","orcid":"0000-0002-3840-3660","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299393,"name":"Jacob E. Friedman","orcid":"0000-0002-9283-9254","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":300511,"name":"Taylor K. Soderborg","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":76,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:06:31.136481Z","pmid":"33329403","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}