{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2020.549928","title":"Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study","abstract":"Aim: To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. Results: PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. Conclusions: Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.","journal":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","year":2021,"id":212790,"datarank":2.6439183027922586,"base_score":4.836281906951478,"endowment":4.836281906951478,"self_citation_contribution":0.7254422860427218,"citation_network_contribution":1.9184760167495367,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7254422860427218,"citer_contribution":1.9184760167495367,"corpus_percentile":91.73048657847916,"corpus_rank":1070,"citation_count":125,"citer_count":96,"citers_with_citation_signal":72,"citers_with_endowment":72,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6025,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":62.5,"fair_percentile":81.0149801284011,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":803873,"name":"Kristina A. Uban","orcid":"0000-0003-4981-3443","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299242,"name":"Marybel R. Gonzalez","orcid":"0000-0001-6528-0638","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240033,"name":"Fiona C. Baker","orcid":"0000-0001-9602-6165","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":261788,"name":"Eric Kan","orcid":"0000-0002-6593-0845","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":79256,"name":"Wesley K. Thompson","orcid":"0000-0002-1148-1976","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237967,"name":"Douglas A. Granger","orcid":"0000-0002-1355-0218","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305481,"name":"Matthew D. Albaugh","orcid":"0000-0002-5971-6658","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320085,"name":"Andrey P. Anokhin","orcid":"0000-0001-8158-6346","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631928,"name":"Kara Bagot","orcid":"0000-0003-4688-4617","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326955,"name":"Marie T. Banich","orcid":"0000-0001-9373-9194","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232787,"name":"Deanna M. Barch","orcid":"0000-0003-1693-8506","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109353,"name":"Arielle Baskin–Sommers","orcid":"0000-0001-6773-0508","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":376880,"name":"Florence J. Breslin","orcid":"0000-0002-6754-8842","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":299173,"name":"B.J. Casey","orcid":"0000-0003-2905-9834","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305483,"name":"Bader Chaarani","orcid":"0000-0002-3932-6273","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":69435,"name":"Linda Chang","orcid":"0000-0002-1267-0699","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":265807,"name":"Duncan B. Clark","orcid":"0000-0002-2644-721X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":631931,"name":"Christine Cloak","orcid":"0000-0002-5247-4633","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282066,"name":"R. Todd Constable","orcid":"0000-0001-5661-9521","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334934,"name":"Linda B. Cottler","orcid":"0000-0001-5643-8536","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":684244,"name":"Rada K. Dagher","orcid":null,"position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285324,"name":"Mirella Dapretto","orcid":"0000-0003-2914-6858","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":3,"name":"Anthony Steven Dick","orcid":"0000-0001-9907-8155","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":244883,"name":"Nico U.F. Dosenbach","orcid":"0000-0002-6876-7078","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":628950,"name":"Gayathri J. Dowling","orcid":"0000-0003-4933-5699","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310541,"name":"Julie A. Dumas","orcid":"0000-0003-2092-334X","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285126,"name":"Sarah Edwards","orcid":"0000-0002-9032-4804","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387897,"name":"Thomas Ernst","orcid":"0000-0003-1211-7655","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235292,"name":"Damien A. Fair","orcid":"0000-0001-8602-393X","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":633367,"name":"Sarah W. Feldstein-Ewing","orcid":null,"position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388142,"name":"Edward G. Freedman","orcid":"0000-0001-8570-6325","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270425,"name":"Bernard F. Fuemmeler","orcid":"0000-0002-3550-0107","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":285456,"name":"Hugh Garavan","orcid":"0000-0002-8939-1014","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":263182,"name":"Dylan G. Gee","orcid":"0000-0002-3685-2710","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":630286,"name":"Jay N. 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Herting","orcid":"0000-0002-0840-4582","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":84,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:31.378994Z","pmid":"33679599","pmcid":"PMC7930488","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":61.1111,"fair_a":62.5,"fair_i":20.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":1.1103,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":62.5,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":61.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"10.15154/1504041","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper provides a DOI for the data used, which is a persistent identifier scheme. 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[majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No license for the data is mentioned; the CC BY license applies to the article only. [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No file format is mentioned for the released data.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No code locator is provided; only generic software names are mentioned.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from 11,875 of these subjects came from the ABCD 2.0.1 data release ( DOI: 10.15154/1504041), which included baseline data (i.e., cross- sectional).","why":"The dataset identifier appears in the body text, not as a reference-list entry. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study SM (https:// abcdstudy.org), held in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children aged 9–10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. ... The ABCD data used in this report came from 10.15154/1504041.","why":"The statement points to a repository with a DOI, fitting Colavizza category 3 (link to archived data in a public repository). [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide an itemized inventory of the study's own dataset. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories.","why":"The paper describes the access action (data can be found in online repositories) but does not label the access level with a standard term. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In neuroimaging, describe the data with BIDS, NIfTI or DICOM.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No data or metadata community standard (e.g., MIAME, BIDS) is named; the Pubertal Development Scale is a measurement instrument, not a data standard.","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"All hormones were assayed in duplicate within a single day to avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles (testosterone and DHEA in males and females, and 17- b estradiol in females only) using commercially available immunoassays specifically designed for use with saliva without modification to the manufacturers recommended protocol (Salimetrics).","why":"The text names specific instruments/assays (Salimetrics immunoassays) and software (R, GFA package) used to produce the data. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, codebook) is named as accompanying the data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not name any gatekeeper for sensitive data; it simply states the data are available in online repositories.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not mention any timing or persistence commitment for the data.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable. Prefer open neuroimaging formats such as NIfTI or BIDS.","Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T11:01:24.810825Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}