{"doi":"10.3389/fcvm.2023.1160183","title":"Motion-compensated T1 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a technical review","abstract":"<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM1\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> mapping is becoming a staple magnetic resonance imaging method for diagnosing myocardial diseases such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and more. Clinically, most <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM2\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> mapping sequences acquire a single slice at a single cardiac phase across a 10 to 15-heartbeat breath-hold, with one to three slices acquired in total. This leaves opportunities for improving patient comfort and information density by acquiring data across multiple cardiac phases in free-running acquisitions and across multiple respiratory phases in free-breathing acquisitions. Scanning in the presence of cardiac and respiratory motion requires more complex motion characterization and compensation. Most clinical mapping sequences use 2D single-slice acquisitions; however newer techniques allow for motion-compensated reconstructions in three dimensions and beyond. To further address confounding factors and improve measurement accuracy, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM3\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> maps can be acquired jointly with other quantitative parameters such as <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM4\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM5\"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>∗</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:math> , fat fraction, and more. These multiparametric acquisitions allow for constrained reconstruction approaches that isolate contributions to <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM6\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> from other motion and relaxation mechanisms. In this review, we examine the state of the literature in motion-corrected and motion-resolved <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"IM7\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> mapping, with potential future directions for further technical development and clinical translation.","journal":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine","year":2023,"id":362811,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9487,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":693437,"name":"Tianle Cao","orcid":"0000-0003-3739-3103","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1116346,"name":"Jaykumar Patel","orcid":"0000-0003-1954-4879","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1116347,"name":"Zihao Chen","orcid":"0000-0001-7838-4989","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":730382,"name":"Hsu‐Lei Lee","orcid":"0000-0001-5509-5199","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":383637,"name":"Nan Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-7616-8083","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":383636,"name":"Anthony Christodoulou","orcid":"0000-0002-9334-8684","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1116348,"name":"Graham A. Wright","orcid":"0000-0002-3101-0936","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1116345,"name":"Calder Sheagren","orcid":"0000-0001-7439-2906","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":121,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:23.749325Z","pmid":"37790594","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}