{"doi":"10.3389/fcell.2022.893468","title":"A Bright, Nontoxic, and Non-aggregating red Fluorescent Protein for Long-Term Labeling of Fine Structures in Neurons","abstract":"Red fluorescent proteins are useful as morphological markers in neurons, often complementing green fluorescent protein-based probes of neuronal activity. However, commonly used red fluorescent proteins show aggregation and toxicity in neurons or are dim. We report the engineering of a bright red fluorescent protein, Crimson, that enables long-term morphological labeling of neurons without aggregation or toxicity. Crimson is similar to mCherry and mKate2 in fluorescence spectra but is 100 and 28% greater in molecular brightness, respectively. We used a membrane-localized Crimson-CAAX to label thin neurites, dendritic spines and filopodia, enhancing detection of these small structures compared to cytosolic markers.","journal":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology","year":2022,"id":253621,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":22,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9524,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":899572,"name":"Yang Geng","orcid":"0000-0002-3886-0204","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":571577,"name":"Matthew Lovett-Barron","orcid":"0000-0003-1425-5277","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":900191,"name":"Xiaoman Niu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":899573,"name":"Mengying Deng","orcid":"0000-0002-0626-7043","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":522081,"name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-5339-7484","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":900192,"name":"Niloufar Ataie","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":900193,"name":"Alex Sens","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816936,"name":"Ho Leung Ng","orcid":"0000-0002-6415-1938","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531406,"name":"Shoudeng Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-7634-2141","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249311,"name":"Karl Deisseroth","orcid":"0000-0001-9440-3967","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":85685,"name":"Michael Z. Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-0492-1961","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":899574,"name":"Jun Chu","orcid":"0000-0002-9925-5198","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":701178,"name":"Ning Lin","orcid":"0000-0001-6374-8823","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:24:59.596040Z","pmid":"35846353","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}