{"doi":"10.3389/fbioe.2023.1341685","title":"Genetically engineered CD80–pMHC-harboring extracellular vesicles for antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell engagement","abstract":"<jats:p>The identification of low-frequency antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells is crucial for effective immunomonitoring across various diseases. However, this task still encounters experimental challenges necessitating the implementation of enrichment procedures. While existing antigen-specific expansion technologies predominantly concentrate on the enrichment of CD8<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells, advancements in methods targeting CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells have been limited. In this study, we report a technique that harnesses antigen-presenting extracellular vesicles (EVs) for stimulation and expansion of antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells. EVs are derived from a genetically modified HeLa cell line designed to emulate professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by expressing key costimulatory molecules CD80 and specific peptide–MHC-II complexes (pMHCs). Our results demonstrate the beneficial potent stimulatory capacity of EVs in activating both immortalized and isolated human CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our technique successfully expands low-frequency influenza-specific CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells from healthy individuals. In summary, the elaborated methodology represents a streamlined and efficient approach for the detection and expansion of antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> T cells, presenting a valuable alternative to existing antigen-specific T-cell expansion protocols.</jats:p>","journal":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","year":2024,"id":611167,"datarank":0.26876392038420827,"base_score":1.791759469228055,"endowment":1.791759469228055,"self_citation_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.26876392038420827,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1571727,"name":"Inna N. 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