{"doi":"10.3389/fagro.2026.1805484","title":"Design, synthesis and evaluation of herbicidal activity of novel carboxylic acid inhibitors containing 1,3,4 oxadiazole fragments","abstract":"\n Carboxylic acid and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties are key structural components in many synthetic bioactive agents. A series of novel 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]propanoate derivatives (5aa–5bb) were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by\n 1\n H NMR,\n 13\n C NMR, and HRMS. The spatial configuration of 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]propanoate (5aa) was further determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized target compounds were evaluated for\n in vitro\n herbicidal activity, from which compound 5ap was identified as the most potent (ED\n 50\n = 96.89 g/ha; field trial dosage: 750 g/ha). Moreover, 5ap exhibited high selectivity toward rice and maize, along with low toxicity to honeybees. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis suggested that 5ap likely disrupts normal metabolic processes and photosynthesis in plants, ultimately leading to plant death. In summary, compound 5ap demonstrates promising herbicidal activity along with favorable biosafety profiles, indicating its potential as a candidate for further development as a herbicide.\n ","journal":"Frontiers in Agronomy","year":2026,"id":642404,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":496641,"name":"Chujian Ma","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670914,"name":"Jingrui Liu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670915,"name":"Changhao Yin","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1565923,"name":"Changsheng Ma","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670918,"name":"Dingfeng Luo","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670919,"name":"Chenzhong Jin","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1670912,"name":"Zhendong Bai","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Design, synthesis and evaluation of herbicidal activity of novel carboxylic acid inhibitors containing 1,3,4 oxadiazole fragments","abstract":"\n Carboxylic acid and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties are key structural components in many synthetic bioactive agents. A series of novel 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]propanoate derivatives (5aa–5bb) were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by\n 1\n H NMR,\n 13\n C NMR, and HRMS. The spatial configuration of 2-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]propanoate (5aa) was further determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized target compounds were evaluated for\n in vitro\n herbicidal activity, from which compound 5ap was identified as the most potent (ED\n 50\n = 96.89 g/ha; field trial dosage: 750 g/ha). Moreover, 5ap exhibited high selectivity toward rice and maize, along with low toxicity to honeybees. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis suggested that 5ap likely disrupts normal metabolic processes and photosynthesis in plants, ultimately leading to plant death. In summary, compound 5ap demonstrates promising herbicidal activity along with favorable biosafety profiles, indicating its potential as a candidate for further development as a herbicide.\n ","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19910364","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W7165025449","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.69979045,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1805484/pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1805484/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2026.1805484/full","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2026.1805484","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/2260136ebff04e7497e58372523d233f","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","Fungal Plant Pathogen Control","Synthesis and biological activity"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Carboxylic acid","Lead compound","Selectivity","Structure–activity relationship","In vitro","Enzyme","Chemical synthesis","Chemical structure"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T22:39:08.100134Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}