{"doi":"10.33790/jrpr1100155","title":"Blood Flow Restriction on Lower Extremity Increased Neuromuscular Timing on Proximal Musculature While Performing a Resisted Sled Push in Healthy Subjects","abstract":"<jats:p>Blood flow restriction (BFR) is beneficial in various settings; however, the neuromuscular activation during low-speed tasks is poorly understood.Objective: This study investigated the effect of BFR on the electromyography (EMG) timing of six lower extremities (LE) musculature during a resisted sled pushing activity at two different walking speeds, 80 bpm and 140 bpm at the beginning (acceleration) of the walking tasks.Methods: This study recruited 32 healthy individuals, an average of 23.8 years old (±1.42 SD). The study utilized surface electromyography on the dominant lower extremity (LE) of subjects, focusing on the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), and gluteus medius (GMed). Participants pushed a resistive sled for 40 feet across three trials at 80 and 140 beats per minute. Researchers repeated all trials after applying BFR at 80% limb occlusion pressure. The analysis focused on the time to peak, decay, and interpeak of the first three muscle activations in each trial.Statistical Analysis: A 2x6 (BFR group and muscle) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tested for significant interactions and main effects during each speed and BFR condition. The time to peak, decay, and interpeak EMG values are presented for each muscle pairing.Results: Statistical analysis of the MANOVA revealed significant decay at 80 bpm with GMax regarding BFR (p=.018). Also, the nter peak of the at140 bpm (p=.013) for the biceps femoris.Conclusion: At 80 bpm, BFR affected the GMax regarding EMG decay. At 140 bpm, BFR significantly affected the biceps femoris, with increased interpeak values due to BFR. Rehabilitation specialists can use these findings to accurately target GMax and biceps femoris activation patterns with BFR use, most notably using shorter training intervals to reduce fatigue.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Rehabilitation Practices and Research","year":2025,"id":647508,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1516827,"name":"Adam Bender","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687064,"name":"Aubrey Dillon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687065,"name":"Rae Edwards","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687066,"name":"Brianna Ramirez","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687067,"name":"Martin Rosario","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1687061,"name":"Luciano Garcia III","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Blood Flow Restriction on Lower Extremity Increased Neuromuscular Timing on Proximal Musculature While Performing a Resisted Sled Push in Healthy Subjects","abstract":"<jats:p>Blood flow restriction (BFR) is beneficial in various settings; however, the neuromuscular activation during low-speed tasks is poorly understood.Objective: This study investigated the effect of BFR on the electromyography (EMG) timing of six lower extremities (LE) musculature during a resisted sled pushing activity at two different walking speeds, 80 bpm and 140 bpm at the beginning (acceleration) of the walking tasks.Methods: This study recruited 32 healthy individuals, an average of 23.8 years old (±1.42 SD). The study utilized surface electromyography on the dominant lower extremity (LE) of subjects, focusing on the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), and gluteus medius (GMed). Participants pushed a resistive sled for 40 feet across three trials at 80 and 140 beats per minute. Researchers repeated all trials after applying BFR at 80% limb occlusion pressure. The analysis focused on the time to peak, decay, and interpeak of the first three muscle activations in each trial.Statistical Analysis: A 2x6 (BFR group and muscle) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tested for significant interactions and main effects during each speed and BFR condition. The time to peak, decay, and interpeak EMG values are presented for each muscle pairing.Results: Statistical analysis of the MANOVA revealed significant decay at 80 bpm with GMax regarding BFR (p=.018). Also, the nter peak of the at140 bpm (p=.013) for the biceps femoris.Conclusion: At 80 bpm, BFR affected the GMax regarding EMG decay. At 140 bpm, BFR significantly affected the biceps femoris, with increased interpeak values due to BFR. Rehabilitation specialists can use these findings to accurately target GMax and biceps femoris activation patterns with BFR use, most notably using shorter training intervals to reduce fatigue.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19965766","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4410130419","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.13526243,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://gexinonline.com/uploads/articles/article-jrpr-155.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://gexinonline.com/uploads/articles/article-jrpr-155.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://gexinonline.com/archive/journal-of-rehabilitation-practices-and-research/JRPR-155","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.33790/jrpr1100155","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Blood flow restriction","Physical medicine and rehabilitation","Blood flow","Medicine","Anatomy","Physical therapy","Cardiology","Resistance training"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T00:31:38.504826Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}