{"doi":"10.32394/pe.75.43","title":"An ecological modeling on the adjusted effects of socioeconomic determinants and HLA-DRB1 alleles in fatality of COVID-19 during the early phase of epidemics in a group of countrie","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Socioeconomic determinants along with genetic status may affect fatality rate of COVID-19. We intend to investigate the adjusted effects of the HLA-DRB1 alleles and socioeconomic determinants including gross domestic product per capita (GDP cap) and health expenditure per capita (HE cap) in fatality of COVID-19 during the early phase of epidemic in a group of countries. METHODS: As an ecological study, early exposure to epidemics was defined as having more than 5000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2020. Poisson regression was used to report adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for case fatality rate in this constant time period. RESULTS: Fourteen countries were eligible. Among the alleles, DR7 showed the strongest risk factor (IRR=112.535, P<0.001). Having GDP cap more than 40000$ or having HE cap more than 3000$ was a protecting factor (IRR=0.899, P<0.001, adjusted with allele DR7). Having GDP cap more than 40000$ along with having HE cap more than 3000$ was a protecting factor (IRR=0.471, P<0.001, adjusted with allele DR7). CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic status of the countries may compensate the probable harmful effect of some HLA-DRB1 alleles. This conclusion was limited to a period that all the selected countries had almost similar governmental intervention.","journal":"Przeglad Epidemiologiczny","year":2022,"id":308680,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.942,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1003492,"name":"Farhad Shahsavar","orcid":"0000-0002-4703-430X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":48890,"name":"Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi","orcid":"0000-0001-6911-9817","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003493,"name":"Mitra Elmi","orcid":"0000-0002-2746-0133","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003494,"name":"Parisadat Ahmadi","orcid":"0000-0002-6599-9420","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003495,"name":"Saeed Sohrabpour","orcid":"0000-0002-3204-7116","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003894,"name":"Hossein Nazarian","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003496,"name":"Mehrzad Jafarzadeh","orcid":"0000-0001-6475-212X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003497,"name":"Arman Karimi Behnagh","orcid":"0000-0001-6391-2371","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003498,"name":"Khatereh Anbari","orcid":"0000-0002-8700-7429","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1003491,"name":"Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi","orcid":"0000-0001-9274-7408","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":1,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:33:07.132912Z","pmid":"35543420","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}