{"doi":"10.3233/nre-230014","title":"Effects of anodal tDCS on electroencephalography correlates of cognitive control in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may provide a potential therapy for cognitive deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its efficacy and mechanisms of action are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would boost the influence of a cognitive training regimen in a mild-to-moderate TBI (mmTBI) sample. Cognitive enhancement was measured by examining event-related potentials (ERPs) during cognitive control tasks from pre- to post-treatment. METHODS: Thirty-four participants with mmTBI underwent ten sessions of cognitive training with active (n = 17) or sham (n = 17) anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC. ERPs were assessed during performance of an auditory oddball (3AOB), N-back, and dot pattern expectancy (DPX) task before and after treatment. RESULTS: P3b amplitudes significantly decreased from baseline to post-treatment testing, regardless of tDCS condition, in the N-back task. The active tDCS group demonstrated a significantly increased P3a amplitude in the DPX task. No statistically significant stimulation effects were seen during the 3AOB and N-back tasks. CONCLUSION: Active anodal tDCS paired with cognitive training led to increases in P3a amplitudes in the DPX, inferring increased cognitive control. P3b decreased in the N-back task demonstrating the effects of cognitive training. These dissociated P3 findings suggest separate mechanisms invoked by different neuroplasticity-inducing paradigms (stimulation versus training) in brain networks that support executive functioning.","journal":"Neurorehabilitation","year":2023,"id":375381,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9612,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":251256,"name":"James F. Cavanagh","orcid":"0000-0003-2428-3562","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365381,"name":"Emma Brandt","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365383,"name":"Violet Fratzke","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365382,"name":"Jacqueline Story-Remer","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365385,"name":"Rebecca Rieger","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365384,"name":"J. Kevin Wilson","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363852,"name":"Darbi Gill","orcid":"0000-0003-2077-4081","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373543,"name":"Richard T. Campbell","orcid":"0000-0002-9998-6011","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349478,"name":"Davin K. Quinn","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":900353,"name":"Nickolas Mertens","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":63,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:19.336238Z","pmid":"37638454","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}