{"doi":"10.3233/jad-230796","title":"Associations of Allostatic Load with Level of and Change in Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA)","abstract":"Background: Higher allostatic load (AL), a multi-system measure of physiological dysregulation considered a proxy for chronic stress exposure, is associated with poorer global cognition (GC) in older non-Hispanic white adults. However, evidence of these associations in middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults is limited. Objective: To examine associations of AL with level of cognition, performance in cognition 7 years later, and change in cognition over 7 years among middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: We used data (n = 5,799, 45-74 years at baseline) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and SOL-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA). The AL score comprised 16 biomarkers representing cardiometabolic, glucose, cardiopulmonary, parasympathetic, and inflammatory systems (higher scores = greater dysregulation). Cognitive outcomes included GC and individual tests of verbal learning and memory, world fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS), and Trail Making (Parts A & B). Survey-linear regressions assessed associations of AL with performance in cognition at baseline, 7 years later, and via 7-year cognitive change scores adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and depressive symptoms. Results: Higher AL was associated with lower baseline performance in GC and WF; and lower 7-year follow-up performance in these same measures plus DSS and Trail Making Parts A & B. Higher AL was associated with more pronounced 7-year change (reduction) in GC and on WF and DSS tests. Conclusions: Findings extend previous evidence in predominantly older non-Hispanic white cohorts to show that AL is related to level of and change in GC (as well as WF and DSS) among middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults.","journal":"Journal of Alzheimer s Disease","year":2024,"id":473395,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9521,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":303806,"name":"Wassim Tarraf","orcid":"0000-0001-8888-7918","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1082243,"name":"Sayaka Kuwayama","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421766,"name":"Linda C. Gallo","orcid":"0000-0002-3678-5888","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":604482,"name":"Christian R. Salazar","orcid":"0000-0003-3755-275X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303809,"name":"Ariana M. Stickel","orcid":"0000-0002-6312-2377","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341235,"name":"Josiemer Mattei","orcid":"0000-0001-5424-8245","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225310,"name":"Priscilla M. Vásquez","orcid":"0000-0002-9333-5955","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487223,"name":"Kamal Eldeirawi","orcid":"0000-0001-8669-3802","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303807,"name":"Krista M. Perreira","orcid":"0000-0003-2906-0261","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368869,"name":"Frank J. Penedo","orcid":"0000-0002-2780-0417","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91398,"name":"Carmen R. Isasi","orcid":"0000-0003-2700-9593","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336207,"name":"Jianwen Cai","orcid":"0000-0002-4945-6733","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303811,"name":"Donglin Zeng","orcid":"0000-0003-0843-9280","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":303812,"name":"Hector M. González","orcid":"0000-0003-4867-7902","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37779,"name":"Martha L. Daviglus","orcid":"0000-0002-6791-8727","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282469,"name":"Melissa Lamar","orcid":"0000-0001-6130-5543","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428973,"name":"Mayra L. Estrella","orcid":"0000-0002-6649-8898","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:06:01.000126Z","pmid":"38758999","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}