{"doi":"10.3233/jad-230632","title":"Association of COVID-19 with Risk and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: Non-Overlapping Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 2.6 Million Subjects","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies showed that COVID-19 increases risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown if there is a potential genetic predispositional effect. OBJECTIVE: To examine potential effects of genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 on the risk and progression of AD, we performed a non-overlapping 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of over 2.6 million subjects was used to examine whether genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is not associated with the risk of AD, cortical amyloid burden, hippocampal volume, or AD progression score. Additionally, a validation analysis was performed on a combined sample size of 536,190 participants. RESULTS: We show that the AD risk was not associated with genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 risk (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.81-1.19) and COVID-19 severity (COVID-19 hospitalization: OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.9-1.07, and critical COVID-19: OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.92-1.03). Genetic predisposition to COVID-19 is not associated with AD progression as measured by hippocampal volume, cortical amyloid beta load, and AD progression score. These findings were replicated in a set of 536,190 participants. Consistent results were obtained across models based on different GWAS summary statistics, MR estimators and COVID-19 definitions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that the genetic susceptibility of COVID-19 is not associated with the risk and progression of AD.","journal":"Journal of Alzheimer s Disease","year":2023,"id":364882,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9304,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":257969,"name":"Mark E. Gurney","orcid":"0000-0003-4901-3083","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106566,"name":"George Perry","orcid":"0000-0002-6547-0172","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109147,"name":"Rong Xu","orcid":"0000-0003-3127-4795","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1106589,"name":"Pingjian Ding","orcid":"0000-0002-2613-2496","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:41.218128Z","pmid":"38007657","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}