{"doi":"10.3233/jad-215585","title":"Associations Between Vascular Risk Factors and Perivascular Spaces in Adults with Intact Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled compartments surrounding small intracerebral vessels that transport fluid and clear waste. OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between PVS count, vascular and neurodegenerative risk factors, and cognitive status among the predominantly Hispanic participants of the FL-VIP Study of Alzheimer's Disease Risk. METHODS: Using brain MRI (n = 228), we counted PVS in single axial image through the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO). PVS per region were scored as 0 (none), 1 (<10), 2 (11-20), 3 (21-40), and 4 (>40). Generalized linear models examined PVS associations with vascular risk factors and a composite vascular comorbidity risk (VASCom) score. RESULTS: Our sample (mean age 72±8 years, 61% women, 60% Hispanic, mean education 15±4 years, 33% APOE4 carriers) was 59% hypertensive, 21% diabetic, 66% hypercholesteremic, and 30% obese. Mean VASCom score was 2.3±1.6. PVS scores ranged from 0-4 in the BG (mean 1.3±0.7) and CSO (mean 1.2±0.9), and 0-7 combined (mean 2.5±1.4). In multivariable regression models, BG PVS was associated with age (β= 0.03/year, p < 0.0001), Hispanic ethnicity (β= 0.29, p = 0.01), education (β= 0.04/year, p = 0.04), and coronary bypass surgery (β= 0.93, p = 0.02). CSO PVS only associated with age (β= 0.03/year, p < 0.01). APOE4 and amyloid-β were not associated with PVS. CONCLUSION: BG PVS may be a marker of subclinical cerebrovascular disease. Further research is needed to validate associations and identify mechanisms linking BG PVS and cerebrovascular disease markers. PVS may be a marker of neurodegeneration despite our negative preliminary findings and more research is warranted. The association between BG PVS and Hispanic ethnicity also requires further investigation.","journal":"Journal of Alzheimer s Disease","year":2022,"id":285193,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9123,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":431973,"name":"Víctor J. Del Brutto","orcid":"0000-0002-5115-6916","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":388235,"name":"Mohammed Goryawala","orcid":"0000-0002-6875-2191","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":963825,"name":"Chuanhui Dong","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":951074,"name":"Christian Agudelo","orcid":"0000-0001-8957-8615","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":963383,"name":"A. Saporta","orcid":"0000-0002-5155-1051","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":906716,"name":"Stacy Merritt","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":701451,"name":"Christian Camargo","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":940892,"name":"Taylor Ariko","orcid":"0000-0003-3979-2116","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":19442,"name":"David Loewenstein","orcid":"0000-0001-6788-2798","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339499,"name":"Ranjan Duara","orcid":"0000-0001-8060-6309","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342085,"name":"Ihtsham Haq","orcid":"0000-0002-8001-8440","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310714,"name":"Tatjana Rundek","orcid":"0000-0002-7115-9815","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:40.826853Z","pmid":"35871327","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}