{"doi":"10.3174/ajnr.a7336","title":"Regional Differences in Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Concentrations in the Healthy Newborn Brain","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: H-MR spectroscopy (Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy) to quantify regional in vivo gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations during the early postnatal period in healthy neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled healthy neonates and acquired Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy spectra on a 3T MR imaging scanner from voxels located in the cerebellum, the right basal ganglia, and the right frontal lobe. CSF-corrected metabolite concentrations were compared for regional variations and cross-sectional temporal trends with advancing age. RESULTS: Fifty-eight neonates with acceptable spectra acquired at postmenstrual age of 39.1 (SD, 1.3) weeks were included for analysis. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (+ macromolecule) (2.56 [SD, 0.1]) i.u., glutamate (3.80 [SD, 0.2]), Cho, and mIns concentrations were highest in the cerebellum, whereas NAA (6.72 [SD, 0.2]), NAA/Cho, Cr/Cho, and Glx/Cho were highest in the basal ganglia. Frontal gamma-aminobutyric acid (1.63 [SD, 0.1]), Glx (4.33 [SD, 0.3]), Cr (3.64 [SD, 0.2]), and Cho concentrations were the lowest among the ROIs. Glx, NAA, and Cr demonstrated a significant adjusted increase with postmenstrual age (β = 0.2-0.35), whereas gamma-aminobutyric acid and Cho did not. CONCLUSIONS: We report normative regional variations and temporal trends of in vivo gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations reflecting the functional and maturational status of 3 distinct brain regions of the neonate. These measures will serve as important normative values to allow early detection of subtle neurometabolic alterations in high-risk neonates.","journal":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","year":2021,"id":201807,"datarank":0.46280859544920416,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.15089236419722876,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.15089236419722876,"corpus_percentile":59.02374874294113,"corpus_rank":5298,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":7,"citers_with_citation_signal":7,"citers_with_endowment":7,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.635,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":243155,"name":"Subechhya Pradhan","orcid":"0000-0001-9236-3551","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":426541,"name":"Scott D. Barnett","orcid":"0000-0002-4690-3278","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":302432,"name":"Mark E. Mikkelsen","orcid":"0000-0002-0349-3782","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243156,"name":"Kushal Kapse","orcid":"0000-0001-8363-5404","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345377,"name":"Jonathan Murnick","orcid":"0000-0003-0582-428X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":396880,"name":"Jessica Quistorff","orcid":"0000-0002-3317-1055","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":396881,"name":"Catherine Lopez","orcid":"0000-0001-6391-3796","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503116,"name":"Adré du Plessis","orcid":"0000-0003-3144-8791","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":243160,"name":"Catherine Limperopoulos","orcid":"0000-0003-1735-0069","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":503114,"name":"Sudeepta K. Basu","orcid":"0000-0002-9887-8764","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:56.394488Z","pmid":"34764083","pmcid":"PMC8757541","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}