{"doi":"10.3174/ajnr.a7291","title":"A Thrombectomy Model Based on Ex Vivo Whole Human Brains","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The persistent challenges in thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion, such as suboptimal complete recanalization and first-pass effect imply an insufficient understanding of the artery-clot-device interaction. In this study, we present a thrombectomy model using fresh human brains, which can capture the artery-clot-device interaction through concurrent transmural and angiographic visualizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh nonfrozen whole adult human brains were collected and connected to a customized pump system tuned to deliver saline flow at a physiologic flow rate and pressure. Angiography was performed to verify the flow in the anterior-posterior and vertebrobasilar circulations and collaterals. Large-vessel occlusion was simulated by embolizing a radiopaque clot analog. Thrombectomy was tested, and the artery-clot-device interactions were recorded by transmural and angiographic videos. RESULTS: Baseline cerebral angiography revealed excellent penetration of contrast in the anterior-posterior and vertebrobasilar circulations without notable arterial cutoffs and with robust collaterals. Small branches (<0.5 mm) and perforating arteries were consistently opacified with good patency. Three device passes were performed to achieve recanalization, with failure modes including elongation, fragmentation, and distal embolization. CONCLUSIONS: This model enables concurrent transmural and angiographic analysis of artery-clot-device interaction in a human brain and provides critical insights into the action mechanism and failure modes of current and upcoming thrombectomy devices.","journal":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","year":2021,"id":206960,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7567,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":640725,"name":"Jorge Arturo Larco","orcid":"0000-0002-8259-2681","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":791956,"name":"Sarosh Irfan Madhani","orcid":"0000-0003-4855-8487","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":791957,"name":"Adnan Hussain Shahid","orcid":"0000-0003-2703-3497","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":511656,"name":"Reade A. Quinton","orcid":"0000-0002-3231-8078","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424924,"name":"Ramanathan Kadirvel","orcid":"0000-0002-6786-9953","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":63663,"name":"David F. Kallmes","orcid":"0000-0002-8495-0040","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297809,"name":"Waleed Brinjikji","orcid":"0000-0001-5271-5524","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":475482,"name":"Luis Savastano","orcid":"0000-0002-9881-1594","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360685,"name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-9132-0258","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:51:45.688025Z","pmid":"34556479","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}