{"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/v8947","title":"How Much Should We Trust Non-Experimental Studies of Parental Monitoring?","abstract":"What we know about parental monitoring today comes almost entirely from non-experimental studies linking parental monitoring to youth problem behavior. However, non-experimental designs produce accurate findings only when there is no confounding of the association between monitoring and the outcome of interest. Using data on 11,880 youth ages 9-15 years old, we show there is much confounding: 57 of 74 tested potential confounders were significantly associated with both parental monitoring and youth problem behaviors. Together, the potential confounders explained 54-100% of the association between monitoring and problem behavior across our analyses. We conclude that confounding poses a major unaddressed threat to the validity of previous findings on parental monitoring, calling into question both the science and its clinical applications.","journal":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","year":2023,"id":393968,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9528,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1168757,"name":"Isabel R. Aks","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1053841,"name":"Herry Patel","orcid":"0000-0001-6899-103X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1168758,"name":"Lara Leitz","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638702,"name":"William E. Pelham","orcid":"0000-0003-1480-570X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1167740,"name":"Isabella Davis","orcid":"0009-0000-4397-3863","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":67,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:19:10.334330Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}