{"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/tewna","title":"Beyond Broca: Neural Architecture and Evolution of a Dual Motor Speech Coordination System","abstract":"Classical neural architecture models of speech production propose a single system centered on Broca’s area coordinating all the vocal articulators from lips to larynx. Modern evidence has challenged both the idea that Broca’s area is involved in motor speech coordination and that there is only one coordination network. Evidence from functional imaging, intracranial stimulation and recording, and clinical disorders consistently implicate two lateral premotor regions in speech tasks, one ventral just posterior to classical Broca’s area and one more dorsal just posterior to the middle frontal gyrus. Although these two speech-related regions are widely appreciated, their functional role(s) have yet to be fully understood. Drawing on a wide range of evidence, here we propose a dual speech coordination model in which laryngeal control of pitch-related aspects of prosody and song are controlled by the dorsal premotor system while supralaryngeal articulation at the phonetic/syllabic level is controlled by the ventral premotor system. We argue that these areas are each part of their own speech planning hierarchies that together support fully coordinated language production. We argue further that these two speech production subsystems have distinguishable evolutionary histories and discuss the implications for models of language evolution.","journal":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","year":2021,"id":214674,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9443,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":808311,"name":"Jonathan H. Venezia","orcid":"0000-0003-0901-5527","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808312,"name":"Alex Teghipco","orcid":"0000-0002-7430-8695","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":433006,"name":"Gregory Hickok","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":192,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:46.604690Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}