{"doi":"10.2460/javma.23.12.0708","title":"IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual-licensed mesenchymal stem cells have reduced major histocompatibility class I expression and positively modulate tenocyte migration, metabolism, and gene expression","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to 1) determine the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and transcriptome-wide gene expression changes following IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual licensing and 2) evaluate if IL-1β + TGF-β2 dual-licensed MSCs had a greater ability to positively modulate tenocyte function compared to naive MSCs. SAMPLE: Equine bone marrow-derived MSCs from 6 donors and equine superficial digital flexor tenocytes from 3 donors. METHODS: Experiments were performed in vitro. Flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing were utilized to determine naive and dual-licensed MSC phenotype and transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression. Conditioned media were generated from MSCs and utilized in tenocyte cell culture assays as a method to determine the effect of MSC paracrine factors on tenocyte function. RESULTS: Dual-licensed MSCs have a reduced expression of MHC class I and exhibit enrichment in functional pathways associated with the extracellular matrix, cell signaling, and tissue development. Additionally, dual-licensed MSC-conditioned media significantly improved in vitro tenocyte migration and metabolism to a greater degree than naive MSC-conditioned media. In tenocytes exposed to IL-1β, dual-licensed conditioned media also positively modulated tenocyte gene expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data indicate that conditioned media containing paracrine factors secreted from dual-licensed MSCs significantly modulates in vitro tenocyte function, which may confer benefits in vivo to healing tendons following injury. Additionally, due to reduced MHC class I expression in dual-licensed MSCs, this technique may also provide an avenue to provide an effective \"off-the-shelf\" allogenic source of MSCs.","journal":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","year":2024,"id":465166,"datarank":0.3320580104768002,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.09064232361168514,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.09064232361168514,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9606,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"GEO":["GSE256139"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1296654,"name":"A. M. Froneberger","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":725967,"name":"Alix K. Berglund","orcid":"0000-0001-8913-7924","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1247193,"name":"Shannon S. Connard","orcid":"0000-0002-8509-9470","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1296655,"name":"Alexis Souther","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228261,"name":"Lauren V. Schnabel","orcid":"0000-0002-1993-8141","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801020,"name":"Drew W. Koch","orcid":"0000-0001-9267-2995","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":54,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:46.201722Z","pmid":"38547589","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}