{"doi":"10.2460/javma.1999.214.03.391","title":"Duration of naturally acquired giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves and their association with diarrhea","abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine duration of infection and association of infection with diarrhea for dairy calves with naturally acquired cryptosporidiosis and giardiosis.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cohort study.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Animals</jats:title>\n<jats:p>20 Holstein calves on a single dairy farm.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Procedure</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fecal samples were collected 3 times/wk for the first 45 days after birth, then weekly until calves were 120 days old and examined for <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic> cysts and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic> oocysts. Calves were monitored for diarrhea during the first 45 days after birth; during each episode of diarrhea, fecal samples were examined for parasitic, bacterial, and viral pathogens.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>All 20 calves shed <jats:italic>Giardia</jats:italic> cysts and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium</jats:italic> oocysts at some time during the study. Mean ages at which <jats:italic>Giardia</jats:italic> cysts and <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium</jats:italic> oocysts were first detected were 31.5 and 16.3 days, respectively. Mean number of <jats:italic>Giardia</jats:italic> cysts in feces remained high throughout the study, whereas <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium</jats:italic> oocysts decreased to low or undetectable numbers 2 weeks after infection. Eighteen calves had a total of 38 episodes of diarrhea during the first 45 days after birth. <jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis</jats:italic> was the only pathogen identified during 6 (16%) episodes, <jats:italic>C parvum</jats:italic> was the only pathogen identified during 9 (24%) episodes, and <jats:italic>G duodenalis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C parvum</jats:italic> were identified together during 10 (26%) episodes.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Prevalences of giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis were high in these calves, and both parasites were associated with development of diarrhea. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum</jats:italic> was an important pathogen when calves were &lt; 1 month old, but <jats:italic>G duodenalis</jats:italic> was more important when calves were older. Calves cleared <jats:italic>C parvum</jats:italic> infections within 2 weeks; however, <jats:italic>G duodenalis</jats:italic> infections became chronic in these calves. 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