{"doi":"10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1429","title":"Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective</jats:bold>—To compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory\neffect of single doses of carprofen, etodolac,\nmeloxicam, and butorphanol in dogs with induced\nacute synovitis (acute pain model) via kinetic gait\nanalysis and orthopedic evaluation and examine measurement\nof serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration\nas an indicator of treatment efficacy.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals</jats:bold>—12 Beagles and 6 additional Beagles that\nwere used only in serum CRP analyses.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure</jats:bold>—Acute synovitis was induced in right stifle\njoints of dogs via intra-articular injection of\nmonosodium urate solution. Treatments included\nbutorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IV), carprofen (4 mg/kg, PO),\netodolac (17 mg/kg, PO), or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg,\nPO); control dogs received no treatment. The procedure\nwas repeated (3-week intervals) until all dogs\nreceived all treatments including control treatment.\nLameness was assessed on a biomechanical force\nplatform and via orthopedic evaluations of the stifle\njoints; blood was collected to monitor serum CRP\nconcentration.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>—Compared with control dogs, treated dogs\nhad significantly different vertical ground reaction\nforces and weight-bearing scores. Greatest improvement\nin lameness was observed in carprofen-treated\ndogs. Etodolac had the fastest onset of action.\nCompared with butorphanol treatment, only carprofen\nand etodolac were associated with significantly\nlower pain scores. An increase in serum CRP concentration\nwas detected after intra-articular injection in all\ndogs; this change was similar among groups.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</jats:bold>—Carprofen,\netodolac, and meloxicam had greater efficacy than\nbutorphanol in relief of acute pain. Carprofen was\nmost effective overall. In this acute pain model, serum\nCRP analysis was not useful to assess drug efficacy.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res</jats:italic> 2003;64:1429–1437)</jats:p>","journal":"American Journal of Veterinary Research","year":2003,"id":684094,"datarank":0.6329261557764161,"base_score":4.219507705176107,"endowment":4.219507705176107,"self_citation_contribution":0.6329261557764161,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6329261557764161,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":67,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1787163,"name":"John E. Peel","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1787164,"name":"Wolfgang Seewald","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1787165,"name":"Peter Schawalder","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1787166,"name":"David E. Spreng","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1787162,"name":"Luc R. Borer","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective</jats:bold>—To compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory\neffect of single doses of carprofen, etodolac,\nmeloxicam, and butorphanol in dogs with induced\nacute synovitis (acute pain model) via kinetic gait\nanalysis and orthopedic evaluation and examine measurement\nof serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration\nas an indicator of treatment efficacy.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals</jats:bold>—12 Beagles and 6 additional Beagles that\nwere used only in serum CRP analyses.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure</jats:bold>—Acute synovitis was induced in right stifle\njoints of dogs via intra-articular injection of\nmonosodium urate solution. Treatments included\nbutorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IV), carprofen (4 mg/kg, PO),\netodolac (17 mg/kg, PO), or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg,\nPO); control dogs received no treatment. The procedure\nwas repeated (3-week intervals) until all dogs\nreceived all treatments including control treatment.\nLameness was assessed on a biomechanical force\nplatform and via orthopedic evaluations of the stifle\njoints; blood was collected to monitor serum CRP\nconcentration.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results</jats:bold>—Compared with control dogs, treated dogs\nhad significantly different vertical ground reaction\nforces and weight-bearing scores. Greatest improvement\nin lameness was observed in carprofen-treated\ndogs. Etodolac had the fastest onset of action.\nCompared with butorphanol treatment, only carprofen\nand etodolac were associated with significantly\nlower pain scores. An increase in serum CRP concentration\nwas detected after intra-articular injection in all\ndogs; this change was similar among groups.</jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance</jats:bold>—Carprofen,\netodolac, and meloxicam had greater efficacy than\nbutorphanol in relief of acute pain. Carprofen was\nmost effective overall. In this acute pain model, serum\nCRP analysis was not useful to assess drug efficacy.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res</jats:italic> 2003;64:1429–1437)</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.219507705176107,"endowment":4.219507705176107,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"14620781","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2013417057","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.0657,"citation_percentile":0.83034915,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":2},{"year":2013,"count":6},{"year":2014,"count":2},{"year":2015,"count":6},{"year":2016,"count":3},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":4},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://avmajournals.avma.org/downloadpdf/journals/ajvr/64/11/ajvr.64.11.1429.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://avmajournals.avma.org/downloadpdf/journals/ajvr/64/11/ajvr.64.11.1429.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/64/11/ajvr.64.11.1429.xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avmajournals.avma.org/downloadpdf/journals/ajvr/64/11/ajvr.64.11.1429.xml","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1429","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14620781","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/126421","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/58587/","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia","Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology","Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects"],"mesh_terms":["Meloxicam","Acute Disease","Animals","Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","Butorphanol","Carbazoles","Dog Diseases","Dogs","Female","Male","Narcotic Antagonists","Pain","Synovitis","Thiazines","Thiazoles"],"keywords":["Carprofen","Butorphanol","Meloxicam","Etodolac","Medicine","Lameness","Anesthesia","Pharmacodynamics","Synovitis","Pharmacokinetics","Pharmacology","Surgery","Internal medicine","Arthritis"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-18T13:17:49.560698Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}