{"doi":"10.2337/ds25-0046","title":"Factors Associated With Initiation of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Diabetes and Kidney Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Kidney CHAMP Trial","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Negative social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with greater kidney disease incidence and progression, partly because of suboptimal management. We studied the association of demographic, clinical, and individual- and contextual-level SDOH factors with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes and whether these associations were modified by the Kidney Coordinated HeAlth Management Partnership (K-CHAMP) population health management (PHM) program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from the K-CHAMP trial, which cluster-randomized 101 primary care offices to a control arm or the PHM intervention (including nephology electronic consultation, chronic kidney disease education, and pharmacist medication review), we explored associations between SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation with a priori patient factors using adjusted Poisson regression. Enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes who were not prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist at baseline were included. Effect modification by K-CHAMP was assessed using interaction terms. RESULTS: ; and 24% were rural living. Over a median follow-up of 17.7 months (interquartile range [IQR] 12.4-23.8 months), 238 (26.7%) initiated an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist. In adjusted analysis, age (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99) and A1C (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.24) were significantly associated with SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation. The K-CHAMP PHM intervention did not significantly modify association of any factors. CONCLUSION: Younger age and higher A1C were associated with increased likelihood of initiating an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist. Other demographic, clinical, and SDOH factors were not significantly associated with medication initiation. The K-CHAMP PHM intervention did not moderate the association of patient-level or SDOH factors with initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist.","journal":"Diabetes Spectrum","year":2025,"id":575827,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9567,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"figshare":["10.2337/figshare.30062398"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1484029,"name":"Mitra Mosslemi","orcid":"0000-0002-1091-547X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1390642,"name":"Zhuoheng Han","orcid":"0009-0006-9506-9837","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1079888,"name":"Melanie R. Weltman","orcid":"0000-0003-2232-0454","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1390643,"name":"Alaa A. Alghwiri","orcid":"0009-0006-4815-5652","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451541,"name":"Gary S. Fischer","orcid":"0000-0001-7671-207X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732294,"name":"Bruce L. Rollman","orcid":"0000-0002-2937-7464","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385881,"name":"Jonathan G. Yabes","orcid":"0000-0002-9406-2362","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773595,"name":"Manisha Jhamb","orcid":"0000-0002-9178-1468","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1280118,"name":"Linda-Marie U. Lavenburg","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:52.712371Z","pmid":"41257235","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}