{"doi":"10.2337/dc24-2891","title":"In Utero Exposure to Maternal Hyperglycemia and Offspring Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Are Independently Associated With Risk of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Youth","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: We tested associations of type 2 diabetes genetic risk score (T2D-GRS) and exposure to maternal hyperglycemia with childhood impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D and glycemic outcomes in youth from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-Up Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We calculated T2D-GRS using 1,150 known genetic variants associated with T2D in adults. In utero exposures included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and sum-of-glucose z scores during oral glucose tolerance test at ∼28 weeks' gestation. IGT + T2D and continuous glycemic outcomes were measured when children were 10-14 years old. RESULTS: In 3,444 children (mean age, 11.4 years), higher maternal sum-of-glucose z scores and child T2D-GRS were both associated with higher glucose levels. In children exposed to GDM and with T2D-GRS >75th percentile, 15.9% had IGT + T2D, compared with 5.6% in nonexposed children. CONCLUSIONS: High genetic risk for diabetes and in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia are additively associated with IGT + T2D and glycemic outcomes in youth.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2025,"id":518384,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8287,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":331141,"name":"Alan Kuang","orcid":"0000-0001-7991-2835","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":905175,"name":"Jami L. Josefson","orcid":"0000-0003-0339-0166","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331145,"name":"Denise Scholtens","orcid":"0000-0002-8252-7863","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331146,"name":"William L. Lowe","orcid":"0000-0001-9467-3422","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":21961,"name":"M. Geoffrey Hayes","orcid":"0000-0002-4617-3981","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230358,"name":"Marie‐France Hivert","orcid":"0000-0001-7752-2585","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1386270,"name":"Abigayil C. Dieguez","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":21,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:49:09.679930Z","pmid":"40388117","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}