{"doi":"10.2337/dc23-1494","title":"Lifetime Duration of Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of Gestational Diabetes: Findings From Two Large Prospective Cohorts","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Breastfeeding duration is inversely associated with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in parous women. However, the association among women at high risk, including women with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 15,146 parous women with type 2 diabetes from the Nurses' Health Study I and II (NHS, NHS II) and 4,537 women with a history of GDM from NHS II. Participants reported history of breastfeeding via follow-up questionnaires. Incident CVD by 2017 comprised stroke or coronary heart disease (CHD) (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox models. RESULTS: We documented 1,159 incident CVD cases among women with type 2 diabetes in both cohorts during 188,874 person-years of follow-up and 132 incident CVD cases among women with a GDM history during 100,218 person-years of follow-up. Longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower CVD risk among women with type 2 diabetes, with pooled aHR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.54-0.85) for >18 months versus 0 months and 0.94 (0.91-0.98) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Similar associations were observed with CHD (pooled aHR 0.93 [0.88-0.97]) but not with stroke (0.96 [0.91-1.02]) per 6-month increment in breastfeeding. Among women with GDM history, >18 months versus 0 months of breastfeeding was associated with an aHR of 0.49 (0.28-0.86) for total CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with lower risk of CVD in women with type 2 diabetes or GDM.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2024,"id":424499,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7032,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":230952,"name":"Marta Guasch‐Ferré","orcid":"0000-0001-8525-1404","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":308443,"name":"Sylvia H. Ley","orcid":"0000-0003-0084-2630","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230957,"name":"Deirdre K. Tobias","orcid":"0000-0003-0020-9552","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":701786,"name":"Fenglei Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-3850-2482","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":479594,"name":"Clemens Wittenbecher","orcid":"0000-0001-7792-877X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":827747,"name":"Jiaxi Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-4497-9615","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11268,"name":"JoAnn E. Manson","orcid":"0000-0002-9426-7595","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104573,"name":"Jorge E. Chavarro","orcid":"0000-0002-4436-9630","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":55333,"name":"Frank B. Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-8233-6274","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":291978,"name":"Cuilin Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-8014-2708","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":663388,"name":"Anna Birukov","orcid":"0000-0002-8306-3351","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:58:21.523756Z","pmid":"38377484","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}