{"doi":"10.2337/dc23-0417","title":"HLA Genotype and Probiotics Modify the Association Between Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To study the interaction among HLA genotype, early probiotic exposure, and timing of complementary foods in relation to risk of islet autoimmunity (IA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders to study early feeding and the risk of IA in a sample of 7,770 children. RESULTS: Any solid food introduced early (<6 months) was associated with increased risk of IA if the child had the HLA DR3/4 genotype and no probiotic exposure during the 1st year of life. Rice introduced at 4-5.9 months compared with later in the U.S. was associated with an increased risk of IA. CONCLUSIONS: Timing of solid food introduction, including rice, may be associated with IA in children with the HLA DR3/4 genotype not exposed to probiotics. The microbiome composition under these exposure combinations requires further study.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2023,"id":369638,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8982,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":339429,"name":"Lazarus K. Mramba","orcid":"0000-0003-3456-769X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":703786,"name":"Carin Andrén Aronsson","orcid":"0000-0003-0256-9367","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95834,"name":"Kendra Vehik","orcid":"0000-0001-6243-6772","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":536208,"name":"Jimin Yang","orcid":"0000-0002-9829-6916","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71709,"name":"Sandra Hummel","orcid":"0000-0001-6554-5974","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95837,"name":"Åke Lernmark","orcid":"0000-0003-1735-0499","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95828,"name":"Marian Rewers","orcid":"0000-0003-3829-9207","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95829,"name":"William Hagopian","orcid":"0000-0003-2979-0475","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678216,"name":"Richard McIndoe","orcid":"0000-0002-3040-3631","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95830,"name":"Jorma Toppari","orcid":"0000-0003-2228-334X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71711,"name":"Anette‐G. Ziegler","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16102,"name":"Beena Akolkar","orcid":"0000-0002-2351-5942","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5970,"name":"Jeffrey P. Krischer","orcid":"0000-0003-4526-888X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344341,"name":"Suvi Μ. Virtanen","orcid":"0000-0001-8928-0878","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230361,"name":"Jill M. Norris","orcid":"0000-0001-8674-2598","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":679140,"name":"TEDDY Study Group","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500513,"name":"Ulla Uusitalo","orcid":"0000-0001-9132-7727","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":18,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:32.670954Z","pmid":"37579501","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}