{"doi":"10.2337/dc22-2284","title":"Incidence of LADA and Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Tobacco Use and Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes and Related Traits: Findings From a Swedish Case-Control Study and the Norwegian HUNT Study","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Smoking and Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) are associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to T2D, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin secretion (IS) aggravate these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data from two population-based Scandinavian studies with case subjects with LADA (n = 839) and T2D (n = 5,771), matched control subjects (n = 3,068), and 1,696,503 person-years at risk. Pooled, multivariate relative risks (RR) with 95% CI were estimated for smoking/genetic risk scores (T2D-GRS, IS-GRS, and IR-GRS), and ORs for snus or tobacco/GRS (case-control data). We estimated additive (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and multiplicative interaction between tobacco use and GRS. RESULTS: The RR of LADA was elevated in high IR-GRS heavy smokers (≥15 pack-years; RR 2.01 [CI 1.30, 3.10]) and tobacco users (≥15 box/pack-years; RR 2.59 [CI 1.54, 4.35]) compared with low IR-GRS individuals without heavy use, with evidence of additive (AP 0.67 [CI 0.46, 0.89]; AP 0.52 [CI 0.21, 0.83]) and multiplicative (P = 0.003; P = 0.034) interaction. In heavy users, there was additive interaction between T2D-GRS and smoking, snus, and total tobacco use. The excess risk conferred by tobacco use did not differ across GRS categories in T2D. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use may confer a higher risk of LADA in individuals with genetic susceptibility to T2D and insulin resistance, whereas genetic susceptibility does not seem to influence the increased T2D incidence associated with tobacco use.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2023,"id":359112,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.962,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":373554,"name":"Emma Ahlqvist","orcid":"0000-0002-6513-2384","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":304143,"name":"Lars Alfredsson","orcid":"0000-0003-1688-6697","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":660510,"name":"Dina Mansour Aly","orcid":"0000-0002-9510-4691","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373556,"name":"Valdemar Grill","orcid":"0000-0001-6959-022X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":934069,"name":"Bahareh Rasouli","orcid":"0000-0001-8597-993X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373558,"name":"Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd","orcid":"0000-0002-5995-2386","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1165,"name":"Jaakko Tuomilehto","orcid":"0000-0002-8306-6202","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":50530,"name":"Bjørn Olav Åsvold","orcid":"0000-0003-3837-2101","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373559,"name":"Sofia Carlsson","orcid":"0000-0002-9497-2331","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":934067,"name":"Jessica Edstorp","orcid":"0000-0002-6009-8738","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:52.889556Z","pmid":"36867461","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}