{"doi":"10.2337/dc22-0165","title":"Elevated Retinol Binding Protein 3 Concentrations Are Associated With Decreased Vitreous Inflammatory Cytokines, VEGF, and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To correlate inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitreous and plasma with vitreous retinol binding protein 3 (RBP3), diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity, and DR worsening in a population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: RBP3, VEGF, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma and vitreous samples (n = 205) from subjects of the Joslin Medalist Study and Beetham Eye Institute. RESULTS: Higher vitreous RBP3 concentrations were associated with less severe DR (P < 0.0001) and a reduced risk of developing proliferative DR (PDR) (P < 0.0001). Higher RBP3 correlated with increased photoreceptor segment thickness and lower vitreous interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-β (P < 0.05). PDR was associated with lower vitreous interferon-γ and IL-10 and higher VEGF, IL-6, and IL-15 (P < 0.05), but was not associated with their plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Higher vitreous RBP3 concentrations are associated with less severe DR and slower rates of progression to PDR, supporting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic agent for preventing DR worsening, possibly by lowering retinal VEGF and inflammatory cytokines.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2022,"id":244576,"datarank":0.9017140573483313,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"self_citation_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citation_network_contribution":0.39661968285036003,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citer_contribution":0.39661968285036003,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":28,"citer_count":23,"citers_with_citation_signal":17,"citers_with_endowment":17,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9366,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"figshare":["10.2337/figshare.20174006"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":878997,"name":"Hyunseok Park","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548748,"name":"Kyoungmin Park","orcid":"0000-0003-0772-1217","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":878302,"name":"Margalit G. Mitzner","orcid":"0000-0002-5077-0017","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":878303,"name":"Tanvi Chokshi","orcid":"0000-0002-7592-8685","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":400847,"name":"Tahani Boumenna","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":878998,"name":"John Gautier","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":878999,"name":"Yumi Zaitsu","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487230,"name":"I‐Hsien Wu","orcid":"0000-0002-2563-7505","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":296341,"name":"Jerry D. Cavallerano","orcid":"0000-0003-3702-5570","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487232,"name":"Lloyd Paul Aiello","orcid":"0000-0003-2012-3465","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246967,"name":"Jennifer K. Sun","orcid":"0000-0003-0915-6303","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487233,"name":"George L. King","orcid":"0000-0002-0335-5881","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487788,"name":"Ward Fickweiler","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:30.364338Z","pmid":"35852358","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}