{"doi":"10.2337/dc21-2426","title":"Longitudinal Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Heart Rate Variability in Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: We compared arterial stiffness and heart rate variability (HRV) over time by diabetes type and determined the risk factors associated with worsening arterial stiffness and HRV in young adults with youth-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index) and six indices of heart rate variability were measured twice, 4.5 years apart, among participants with either youth-onset type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess risk factors associated with arterial stiffness and HRV at follow-up. RESULTS: Of 1,159 participants studied, 949 had type 1 diabetes (mean age 17.1 ± 4.7 years, 60.3% non-Hispanic White, 55% female) and 210 had type 2 diabetes (mean age 22.1 ± 3.5 years, 23.8% non-Hispanic White, 71% female) at initial assessment when diabetes duration was 7.9 years (both groups). Participants with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes had greater arterial stiffness and more abnormalities in HRV at initial and follow-up assessment and a greater change over time (all P < 0.05). Risk factors associated with worse arterial stiffness and HRV at follow-up in both types of diabetes included higher blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, waist circumference, and triglycerides over time and longer diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial stiffness and HRV worsened over time with greater changes among participants with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes and among those with features of the metabolic syndrome. The risk factor profile documents potentially modifiable pathways to prevent or limit cardiovascular complications in young adults with youth-onset diabetes.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2022,"id":270922,"datarank":0.7135554482259245,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.3176968487836357,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.3176968487836357,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":10,"citers_with_citation_signal":7,"citers_with_endowment":7,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9102,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"figshare":["10.2337/figshare.19299005"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":406589,"name":"Scott Isom","orcid":"0000-0002-6658-3865","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":43418,"name":"Ralph B. D’Agostino","orcid":"0000-0002-3550-8395","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420327,"name":"Lawrence M. Dolan","orcid":"0000-0002-5359-0636","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305598,"name":"Giuseppina Imperatore","orcid":"0000-0001-7074-8178","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":269855,"name":"Amy K. Mottl","orcid":"0000-0002-4258-1726","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":724492,"name":"Eva Lustigova","orcid":"0000-0002-6719-6090","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342442,"name":"Catherine Pihoker","orcid":"0000-0001-9074-7770","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313697,"name":"Santica M. Marcovina","orcid":"0000-0002-9118-8488","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":310337,"name":"Elaine M. Urbina","orcid":"0000-0002-5640-6777","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":406587,"name":"Amy S. Shah","orcid":"0000-0001-7297-139X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:27:35.206187Z","pmid":"35667385","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}