{"doi":"10.2337/dc20-2872","title":"Utility of Diabetes Type–Specific Genetic Risk Scores for the Classification of Diabetes Type Among Multiethnic Youth","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Genetic risk scores (GRS) aid classification of diabetes type in White European adult populations. We aimed to assess the utility of GRS in the classification of diabetes type among racially/ethnically diverse youth in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We generated type 1 diabetes (T1D)- and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-specific GRS in 2,045 individuals from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. We assessed the distribution of genetic risk stratified by diabetes autoantibody positive or negative (DAA+/-) and insulin sensitivity (IS) or insulin resistance (IR) and self-reported race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, and other). RESULTS: T1D and T2D GRS were strong independent predictors of etiologic type. The T1D GRS was highest in the DAA+/IS group and lowest in the DAA-/IR group, with the inverse relationship observed with the T2D GRS. Discrimination was similar across all racial/ethnic groups but showed differences in score distribution. Clustering by combined genetic risk showed DAA+/IR and DAA-/IS individuals had a greater probability of T1D than T2D. In DAA- individuals, genetic probability of T1D identified individuals most likely to progress to absolute insulin deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes type-specific GRS are consistent predictors of diabetes type across racial/ethnic groups in a U.S. youth cohort, but future work needs to account for differences in GRS distribution by ancestry. T1D and T2D GRS may have particular utility for classification of DAA- children.","journal":"Diabetes Care","year":2022,"id":236603,"datarank":1.2800463464422536,"base_score":4.219507705176107,"endowment":4.219507705176107,"self_citation_contribution":0.6329261557764161,"citation_network_contribution":0.6471201906658374,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6329261557764161,"citer_contribution":0.6471201906658374,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":67,"citer_count":28,"citers_with_citation_signal":22,"citers_with_endowment":22,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6085,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"figshare":["10.2337/figshare.19145813"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":497602,"name":"Seth A. Sharp","orcid":"0000-0002-0607-9990","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342442,"name":"Catherine Pihoker","orcid":"0000-0001-9074-7770","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":25375,"name":"Lauric Ferrat","orcid":"0000-0002-3166-9685","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305598,"name":"Giuseppina Imperatore","orcid":"0000-0001-7074-8178","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":556572,"name":"Adrienne H. Williams","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":7390,"name":"María J. Redondo","orcid":"0000-0001-5871-4645","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305437,"name":"Lynne E. Wagenknecht","orcid":"0000-0002-9980-0889","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420327,"name":"Lawrence M. Dolan","orcid":"0000-0002-5359-0636","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342441,"name":"Jean M. Lawrence","orcid":"0000-0002-2480-8480","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22004,"name":"Michael N. Weedon","orcid":"0000-0002-6174-6135","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":43418,"name":"Ralph B. D’Agostino","orcid":"0000-0002-3550-8395","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":95829,"name":"William Hagopian","orcid":"0000-0003-2979-0475","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":342446,"name":"Jasmin Divers","orcid":"0000-0003-0120-7620","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249641,"name":"Dana Dabelea","orcid":"0000-0001-9514-8929","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249639,"name":"Richard A. Oram","orcid":"0000-0003-3581-8980","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:22:03.686498Z","pmid":"35312757","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}