{"doi":"10.2307/2443515","title":"FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAESALPINIA (LEGUMINOSAE)","abstract":"<jats:p>Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, we studied the early floral ontogeny of three species of <jats:italic>Caesalpinia</jats:italic> (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): <jats:italic>C. cassioides, C. pulcherrima</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. vesicaria.</jats:italic> Interspecific differences among the three are minor at early and middle stages of floral development. Members of the calyx, corolla, first stamen whorl, and second stamen whorl appear in acropetal order, except that the carpel is present before appearance of the last three inner stamens. Sepals are formed in generally unidirectional succession, beginning with one on the abaxial side next to the subtending bracts, followed by the two lateral sepals and adaxial sepal, then lastly the other adaxial sepal. In one flower of <jats:italic>C. vesicaria</jats:italic>, sepals were helically initiated. In the calyx, the first‐initiated sepal maintains a size advantage over the other four sepals and eventually becomes cucullate, enveloping the remaining parts of the flower. The cucullate abaxial sepal is found in the majority of species of the genus <jats:italic>Caesalpinia.</jats:italic> Petals, outer stamens, and inner stamens are formed unidirectionally in each whorl from the abaxial to the adaxial sides of the flower. Abaxial stamens are present before the last petals are visible as mounds on the adaxial side, so that the floral apex is engaged in initiation of different categories of floral organs at the same time.</jats:p>","journal":"American Journal of Botany","year":null,"id":43639,"datarank":1.0950105832242052,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.6888030530588736,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.6888030530588736,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":13,"citers_with_citation_signal":12,"citers_with_endowment":12,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26393467","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4233407043","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Science Foundation","grant_id":"EMS 75‐02883","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Science Foundation","grant_id":"DEB 82‐04132","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"P30 EY001583","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 EY013203","title":null},{"funder_name":"NEI NIH HHS","grant_id":"EY 013203","title":null}],"total_grants":5,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.3784326,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fj.1537-2197.1985.tb08400.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08400.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fj.1537-2197.1985.tb08400.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1985.tb08400.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2443515","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Biological Stains and Phytochemicals","Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis","Plant Diversity and Evolution","Adult","Aged","DNA","DNA Mutational Analysis","Electroretinography","Eye Proteins","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Mutation","Phenotype","Retinal Degeneration","Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","Tomography, Optical Coherence","Visual Field Tests","Visual Fields","Young Adult"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Aged","DNA","DNA Mutational Analysis","Electroretinography","Eye Proteins","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Mutation","Phenotype","Retinal Degeneration","Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","Tomography, Optical Coherence","Visual Field Tests","Visual Fields","Young Adult"],"keywords":["Sepal","Petal","Calyx","Biology","Whorl (mollusc)","Stamen","Botany","Gynoecium","Caesalpinia","Primordium","Bract","Genus","Inflorescence"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-15T02:00:18.261304Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}