{"doi":"10.2307/2443100","title":"INFLORESCENCE AND FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE PIPERACEAE III. FLORAL ONTOGENY OF PIPER","abstract":"<jats:p>Floral development in <jats:italic>Piper</jats:italic> was compared between four‐staminate species (<jats:italic>P. aduncum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. marginatum</jats:italic>) and six‐staminate species (<jats:italic>P. amalago</jats:italic>). All <jats:italic>Piper</jats:italic> species have a syncarpous gynoecium composed of three or four carpels. The floral apex is initiated by a periclinal division in the subsurface layer in the axil of a bract 40‐55 μm high; initiation of the bracts occurs separately and considerably earlier. The floral primordium widens and the first pair of stamens are initiated at either side. The median anterior stamen forms next, and the median posterior later. This sequence is common to all species studied. In the six‐staminate <jats:italic>P. amalago</jats:italic>, the last two stamens form simultaneously in lateral‐anterior positions. The stamens hence arise as pairs, and symmetry is bilateral or dorsiventral. The three or four carpels arise simultaneously; they are soon elevated on a gynoecial ring by growth of the receptacle below the level of attachment of the carpels to produce a syncarpous gynoecium. The floral apex lastly produces the solitary basal ovule and is used up in its formation.</jats:p>","journal":"American Journal of Botany","year":null,"id":43945,"datarank":1.3322073277943862,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.9072253261859536,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.9072253261859536,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":15,"citers_with_citation_signal":14,"citers_with_endowment":14,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"20810602","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4232885194","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Science Foundation","grant_id":"DEB76‐10108‐A02","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.3481,"citation_percentile":0.637509,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":2}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fj.1537-2197.1982.tb13387.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13387.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fj.1537-2197.1982.tb13387.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13387.x","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2443100","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies","Plant and animal studies","Plant Parasitism and Resistance"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Gynoecium","Biology","Stamen","Receptacle","Bract","Inflorescence","Botany","Apex (geometry)","Primordium","Ovule","Sepal","Anatomy","Pollen"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-15T04:35:01.633071Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}