{"doi":"10.2307/2234208","title":"Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events","abstract":"Journal Article Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events Get access W. Brian Arthur W. Brian Arthur Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 99, Issue 394, 1 March 1989, Pages 116–131, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234208 Published: 01 March 1989","journal":"The Economic Journal","year":1989,"id":5741,"datarank":1.3330235769772782,"base_score":8.886823846515187,"endowment":8.886823846515187,"self_citation_contribution":1.3330235769772782,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":1.3330235769772782,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7235,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.0535,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1989-03-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":55620,"name":"W. Brian Arthur","orcid":"0000-0001-7429-5954","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}