{"doi":"10.22540/jfsf-07-072","title":"Assessment of frailty syndrome with coexisting hypertension and depression among older individuals, aged >80 years of age","abstract":"The world's oldest old population, aged 80 years and older, is increasing rapidly, more in developing countries than developed, mostly due to declining birth rates and increasing longevity. The octogenarians are expected to increase by three times from the current number of 137 million to 425 million by the year 2050, hence their health priorities are of great concern 1 . Hypertension and depression are highly prevalent in this age and are leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure rises with age, and approximately 80% of the people in western countries, aged 80 years have hypertension 2 . India also reported 83% of hypertension in oldest old, 81% among men and 85% among women, with 53% having uncontrolled hypertension 3 . The severity of hypertension increases more in women than in men above the age of 80 years, with 63% women reporting stage II hypertension 4 . Some however, reported no significant difference among sexes at this age 5 . Studies on prevalence of depression in octogenarians reported wide variations in different populations, such as 12% in USA, 25% in Netherlands 6 , 31% to 45.19% in Chinese 7,8 , and among men in Finn, it was 27% and women reported 24% 9 . In India, geriatric depression was reported 23%, higher in women Abstract Objectives: The objective was to determine odds of frailty syndrome with coexistence of hypertension and depression among oldest-old adults. Methods: We analysed secondary data from 167 community-dwelling hypertensive participants aged 80 years and older from a cross-sectional study of frailty conducted in India. Data included sociodemographic, medical history, physical performance, functional limitations, mobility-disability, cognition, depression, sleep, frailty syndrome and chronic diseases. Odds of frailty syndrome was compared among individuals having only hypertension, and individuals having hypertension and depression. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were performed to determine odds of frailty. Results: Frailty was significantly higher (OR:4.93;95%CI:1.89-12.84) among individuals having hypertension and coexisting depression, compared to individuals having only hypertension. Men (OR:5.07;95%CI:1.02-25.17) and women (OR: 4.58;95%CI:1.36-15.40) with hypertension and depression showed a higher risk of frailty, compared with hypertension alone. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, cognitive impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, anaemia, diabetes, obesity, physical performance, activities of daily living and 4-meter walking speed. Conclusion: Coexistence of hypertension and depression increased risk of frailty syndrome among men and women above 80 years of age by almost 5 folds. Treating depression in hypertensive older individuals may reduce the risk of frailty among them.","journal":"Journal of Frailty Sarcopenia and Falls","year":2022,"id":293044,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9638,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":959853,"name":"Bana Manishaa Reddy","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":959367,"name":"Enakshi Ganguly","orcid":"0000-0003-1708-483X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":959368,"name":"Pawan Kumar Sharma","orcid":"0000-0002-5020-8251","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":977830,"name":"Anugna Avvari","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:50.076284Z","pmid":"35775087","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}